Principle and Practise of Management

International Case Carrefour Which Way to Go? Wal-Marts biggest global challenger is the big French retailer Carretour, a firm that has hypermarkets, big stores pass a variety of goods. It has made large investments around the globe in Latin America and China. But not all is well as competitors taking market share its home market, for instance. There has been even theory of a takeover by Wal-Mart or Tesco, an English chain. Mr.Barnard has been ousted after veranda the company for 12 years he was replaced by Jose Luis Durant who is of German-Spanish descent. Although the global involution is cited by some as success, it may be even a big mistake. It withdrew from Japan and sold 29 hypermarkets in Mexico. Carrefour similarly had problems competing with Tesco in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. In Germany, the company faced tough contestation from Aldi and Lidle, two successful discounters.On the other hand, it bought stores in Poland, Italy, Turkey, and opened invigorated sto res in China, S appearh Korea, and Columbia. Carrefour has become more careful in selecting markets. But. the company is eager to enter the Indian market, but found out in late 2006 that Wal-Mart will do so as well. In France, where Carrefour is well established, the company made the big mistake in its pricing policy. It probably started with the 1999 merger with Promodes, the French discount chain.Carrefour disconnected the French clientele by losing its low-cost image whether the image flush toilet be changed remains to be seen. Mr. Durant, the tonic CEO since 2005, embarked on the new strategy by offering 15 percent new products in its hypermarkets and 10 percent in its supermarkets. Moreover, he wants to employ more staff, stand firm the operating hours in certain hypermarkets, cutting prices, trying small stores, and thrust down decision making. Mr. Durant aims to stay only in countries where Carrefour is among the tweet retailers.

My Oedipus Complex Essay

In Frank OConnors short story My Oedipus Complex he writes some a fresh boy named Larry, who is use to his arrests absence because of World War I. Larry before long fines himself arduous to take over his novices theater hold including wanting to link up his mother. When the war ends, Larrys cause returns home and Larry and his stupefy are faced with the battle of trying to attain his mothers vigilance. Over time Larry at last identifies with his father and starts to see his mother in a different way.Up to the age of five, Larry never really had seen much of his father only on occasions.He was very content on beingness with his mother. In the mornings he would wake up and climb into bed with her and begin the day talk of the townspeople to his mother about what they were going to do thru out the day. In the mornings afterwards breakfast, they would both go into town to attend mass or go do some shopping. By doing this, Larry began to try to make decisions like his fat her would. For example Larrys mother wanted to have another muff because they were the only family who did not have a newborn. Larry was told they were expensive and could not establish it until father came home from the war. However, Larry noticed that their neighbors had a baby and it would have through them just fine. As Larry began to settle with the idea of him and his mother Larrys father comes home after the war has ended and everything changes.When his father was around Larry shortly began to notice his mothers attitude would change. She would start to scold Larry for being so loud in the mornings that his privileges of acclivity into bed were cut sullen since he would wake his father sometimes on purpose for the reason out that he got jealous. Her attitude began to change as well. She would tend to get noisome to please his father all the time and would now send Larry into town with his father. At first Larry was very optimistic about it, but soon realized that he an d his father had different notions on their walk into town. Larry could not make his father do anything he wanted and the more he got wild the more his father didnt seem too noticed. To Larry he just looked like anenormous mountain that glanced down at him with a grin of amusement.During tea time she would only talk to Larrys father about the news and get scolded if he interrupted. Larry felt this was foul fulfill and he was prepared to compete with his father for his mothers financial aid. presently after Larry began to get himself into trouble by waking every mavin up in the morning or throwing fits all around the house because he wasnt treated as an equal his own home. By doing this his father lost his patients and gave Larry a slap and began to glare at him with his look out for murder. Thats when Larry realized that he was jealous too for the attention of his wife. Larry did not give up easily for his mothers attention and told her one day that when he grew up he wanted to marry her and have lots of babies. She responded with a smile and told Larry that they will have one soon.Almost immediately Larry began to notice his mothers had changed even when his father was not at home. She seemed preoccupied, stopped taking him out for walks and smacked him for no apparent reason. Disaster soon came for Larry and His father and it was called Sonny.Larry disliked Sonny from the very beginning because of the constant yell that would annoy Larry and his father. Now everything his mother would do or talk about was Sonny. Larry felt so frustrated that he threatens to leave in trend of his father and soon after Larry threat becomes a positive aspect. He notices his father starts to be exceedingly nice to him with a fine erudition and his mother quite sickening in addition to being transparent minded because of the baby. Also one night Larry wakes up with someone climbing into his bed and he notices its not his mother but his father who was now turned out of his own bed. He felt bluish for father because his mother had no consideration for no one pull out Sonny and gave his father a hug for assurance that he was quiet down welcomed. Soon after Larry father went out of his way to buy him a really nice model railway.

Integrated and multi-agency working Essay

Working with tykeren will often involve you working intimately with families and different agencies. Multi-agency working and integrated working plays a very alpha part in ensuring children and families with additional needs are provided with the best realistic nutriment. Multi-agency working requires practitioners and overlords from different sectors and within the workforce to provide integrated apply for children and families with additional needs.Multi-agency working provides many benefits for children and their family as they provide them with tailor-made prolong in the most efficient way. These benefits may include - primordial identification and early intervention, -quicker access to go and/or expertise, -improved progress and achievement with their milestones and education, -better quality services, -better support for the families. Integrated working focuses on enabling and encouraging professionals to work together effectively to deliver front line services. Integ rated working severalise elements include -early intervention if needed,- assessments which allow practitioners to undertake an early and initial assessment of a childs needs and access whether extra services may be required, -recording information in one place and with the have of the child or parent, -sharing information with relevant inter-agency practitioners, -the team around the child discussing and making joint decisions with the family on the assessment and recommendations for further support, -the lead professional who is the key to the process of integrated working and is the practitioner who acts as the item of contact with the child, their family and who coordinates and monitors the action plan that may have been implemented.

Forrest Gump Analysis

Forrest Gump Watching Forrest Gump for the first clipping I feel that the picture show has a little of everything in it, from action and war to love and romance. For one man to over cut so some hardships and sustain a action full of love and happiness it is inspiring. Each fount had something that reached viewers. From jenny to Lieutenant Dan they all had something that made them easy to connect with. sluice the stack that sat on the bench beside to Forrest created interest they listened and were in the story for us, tho were not truly part of it.Forrest Gump could be referred to as stupid, but I believe that the modality he tries to understand the terra firma approximately him and make the best of everything is rather clever. When the film begins we parachuting from Forrests kidhood. We learn about the high expectations that his induce had for him. We gather up that he is lonely, and we take off wind his growing love for jenny. For a boy that is bullied so muc h and has so many obstacles in his intent he loves deeply. Due to his cordial disabilities, Forrest became the dupe of academic discrimination, but as she lead al itinerarys be him m other fights for him to cause the same opportunities as the other baberen.She alone believes in Forrest and trusts him to be the best that he fire be. During this stage of his life I public opinion of Eriksons industry vs. inferiority concept. During that cartridge holder children argon supposed to sprain toward master knowledge and intellectual skills. (Santrock, 2011 p23) The negative possibility of not mastering those skills would be that children would feel incompetent and unproductive. As Forrest Gump grows he still maintains his custodytal disability, but his athletic abilities have started to make a difference in his life.He runs so fast that he quarters asked to play football for the University of Alabama. Though he grows older he still has the innocence of a child. During his adole scence where most other people are experimenting with sex he reassurems almost humiliated by the idea. He loves jenny ass yet when she tries for sexual contact with him he looks injure and confused by it. This stage in his life he would be dismission by means of Eriksons individuation vs. identity confusion. (Santrock, 2011 p 23) During this time individuals are trying to figure out who they re and what they are deprivation to do in life. If the adolescent explores in a good for you(p) way therefore they will form a positive identity however, if they effort and have a difficult time then it may dissolvent in continued identity confusion. Forrest was an active part of many grave all the samets including protests against desegregation, the Vietnam War, anti-war activism, Black Panther Party meetings, and the Ping Pong diplomacy period. Those significant events should have made a difference to him, but he went by means of it all as if it didnt really affect him.During t he whole pic he take heedmed completely oblivious to the significance of everything that was going on around him and the part he played in those events. Forrests generally knowing go lucky demeanor and unobservant nature contrasted harshly with jennet. Jenny Curran as a child was Forrest Gumps best friend and by chance his simply friend. Jenny has a much harsher life at family unit than Forrest has. trance Forrest has a loving mother that raises him Jenny has an a raftive dad. Jenny spent a lot of time with Forrest as a child because she didnt want to be alone.Jenny and Forrest were alike(p) peas and carrots. When they were young Jenny taught Forrest how to read, and Forrest dual-lane his mellow, carefree attitude with her. When Jenny is young after Forrest comes over to her dramaturgy and keys the way her father treats her they run into the fields trying to get as utmost away from her home as realistic. Jenny falls subjugate to the ground and prays to God to make her a bird so she can fly far away. There are many developmental consequences of outcry on children. Santrock, 2011 p 258) Some of the consequences of ill-use and maltreatment in childhood and adolescence are poor emotional regulation, attachment problems, problems in peer relations, barrier adapting to school and other psychological problems such as depression and delinquency. The wickedness that Jenny sustained in her childhood caused problems throughout her life. As a young adult Jenny went to an all girls college while Forrest played football at the University of Alabama. This was the rise of Forrests success and Jennys guessy decisions.Jenny started messing around with boys and getting in trouble. Forrest rescued her from being with a guy, but Jenny could not let herself be final stage to Forrest even though her cared for her deeply. Her bad behavior caused her to be kicked out of school. Jenny decided that she cherished to become a famous singer, but somewhere along the way she ended up singing naked in a slickness club. Again Forrest rescued her and again she was ungrateful and ended up go forth behind the one person in her life that cared about her most. The next time Jenny is seen she had been spending time with hippies at anti-war protests.Forrest tries to get Jenny out of another a tidy sumive relationship, but she doesnt want to be saved and leaves Forrest again. When Jenny went through Eriksons identity vs. identity confusion (Santrock, 2011 p 23) stage her past abuse caused her to make the upon choices and left her in continued identity confusion. Each time we see Jenny in the movie she is into drugs and running with the wrong crowd. During the adult years, people who were abused as children often have a difficulty maintaining healthy adult relationships.According to Miller-Perrin, Perrin, Kocur (Santrock, 2011 p 258) those adults are at a higher risk for violent behavior toward other adults-especially dating partners and marital partner s- as hearty as substance abuse , anxiety and depression. During rude(a) Years Eve 1972 Jenny contemplates suicide, at that point she has reached her very lowest and we see her change her mind and leave hopefully to change for the better. The rest of the movie is a rollercoaster of emotion for Jenny and Forrest. Forrest wants nothing more than to be with the only woman other than his mother that he has loved his entire life.When Jenny and Forrest are finally unneurotic Forrest thought they were going to be together forever, and Jenny ran away again. Her past abuse leaves her afraid of some(prenominal) believe Forrest to love her and allowing herself to feel worthy of being loved. By the end of the movie, Jenny has finally found herself. After Forrest spent his time after her deviation running for 3 years, 2 months, 14 days, and 16 hours she finally wants to see him. From their night together she had gotten pregnant and had a son that she named Forrest.Perhaps it was having a child that helped settle Jenny into adulthood or maybe she had just finally come to terms with the lasting effects of abuse, but she decided to conjoin Forrest and live with him for her remaining time alive. In that time that she is a wife and mother she looks more at peace than ever. It took Jenny her whole life to come to terms with the abuse she holdd as a child and the abuse she subjected herself to as an adult. She experienced an abusive father, played out jobs, abusive boyfriends and acquisitive useers, drugs and thoughts of suicide before she could let herself be loved by Forrest.During Forrest Gumps time in the military he meets Lt. Dan Taylor. Though Lt. Dan is more of a peripheral character, his struggles fit well with the movie. Lieutenant Dan Taylor was born into a family with the knightly military tradition that someone in his family had died in every the Statesn war. He was sent to Vietnam during the Vietnam War and assigned to the fourth platoon where he met Bub ba and Forrest. While serving in Vietnam is was evident that he was paranoid of snipers and surprise attacks in general. When his platoon encountered an ambush he called for a Napalm drop.During the ambush he was hit in the legs, and was certain that his time had come to fulfill the family legacy of dying in that war. However, Forrest Gump in his search for his fallen best friend Bubba comes across Lt. Dan and carries him and many other men to safety. Lt. Dan is sent to a field hospital and his legs are amputated. Forrest Gump is brought to the same hospital and Lt. Dan confronts Forrest about parsimony him. He is very upset that he didnt get to die like other men in the family and feels that his destiny has been ruined. At this time Lt.Dan is coming to terms with his possible selves (Santrock, 2011 p 602). As he is recovering from his double amputation he has to sell the life that he had, the remnant he thought he was going to have, and the life he is left as an amputee. Lt. Dan is eventually discharged overdue to his handicap and he ends up in New York City. He spends his time after being discharged living in New York, perchance off the government or programs for injured veterans. He lives in a trashy motel room and drinks far too much. He looks like he has been living a hard life since his time in the military.On New Years Eve he meets up with Forrest again and even though he still has not come to terms with Forrest providence his life, he treats Forrest like a friend. He defends Forrest from the women he had over and promises Forrest to be his first mate if he ever becomes the captain of a prawning boat. When Forrest in reality buys a shrimping boat Lt. Dan does become the first mate. Lt. Dan guides Forrest to where he believes there will be shrimp which leads to many failures. While out fishing Lt. Dan and Forrest endure Hurricane Carmen. Lt.Dan is at the highest point that the boat has to offer yelling and challenging God. At this point Lt. Dan s eems to come to terms with the life he has ben dealt. Lt. Dan looks more positively on life after this point and even thanks Forrest for saving his life. The hurricane destroyed the entire fleet of shrimping boats in Bayou La Batre, except for the Jenny. As a result, Forrest Gumps shrimping business takes off. Lt. Dan invests the already high profits of the Bubba Gump pewit Company into a new computer company, Apple Computers, making both Forrest Gump and himself very wealthy.With his new found wealth Lt. Dan Taylor is able to afford custom made prosthetic legs which give him the ability to walk again. Lt. Dan also faces Eriksons identity vs. identity confusion (Santrock, 2011 p 23) during his life several times. When he has to come to terms with who he thought he was going to be he struggles with his identity then again when he has to live as an amputee and once more when he gets new legs. After all he had to go through in his adulthood he finally meets and marries Susan, his Kore an wife. Another peripheral character is Pvt. Benjamin Buford Bubba Blue.When Forrest first gets on the bus for the military he faces the same problems as an adult that he did as a child, nobody wanted to sit with him. Walking between the rows of set looking for a friendly face he found Bubba. Bubba appeared to have many of the same problems that Forrest did. Bubba possibly faced issues with his ethnic identity (Santrock, 2011 p 385) as he was given the name Bubba just like one of those redneck boys. While serving in the U. S. Army Bubba and Forrest become close friends. Bubba knows everything there is to know about shrimp, Forrest and Bubba make a deal to start their own shrimp business one day.However, Bubba never makes it back to America alive. After some time, Forrest finally goes to Bayou La Batre, where Bubbas family lives. Forrest buys a shrimp boat to start the Bubba Gump Shrimp Company. The Bubba Gump Shrimp Company later make a spot in Fortune magazine, and Forrest sent a acquire with Bubbas earnings to Bubbas mother. This film dealt a lot with expiration and accepting devastation as a part of life. Robert Kastenbaums death system comes in to play several times during this movie. Forrest has to go through the death of several people he cares about.First he endured Bubbas death whom he had planned a future and had become close friends. thence he survived the death of his mother. She was the only person in his entire life that he could always count on. Just before her death Forrests mother tells him one last time how proud of him she is and reminds him the life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what youre going to get, she says that it was her destiny to raise Forrest. She was always there for him, and rooting for him, and telling him that he could be whatever he wanted to be.Her death was a strong-armer thing to work through and for a time he completely left the boat and company to Lt. Dan and stayed at his mothers home, pickings care of things and grieving. Then eventually he had to endure the death of Jenny. He had loved Jenny his whole life then it seemed almost as soon as they were finally together she had died. Forrests emotions for Jenny come out at her grave, and while there he leaves her a garner written by Forrest Jr. As the film closes Forrest Jr is at the bus stop and we are reminded of Forrests first bus ride and how far he has come since his days of being bullied.The feather that was in the beginning is at the end as well symbolizing destiny. Forrest himself says I fathert know if we each have a destiny, or if were all just floating around accidental-like on a breeze, I think maybe its both. Maybe both is happening at the same time. Forrest couldnt have put it into better words. During his story we see several characters and watch their life unfold. We know that Lt. Dan had his own ideas for his destiny then his life turned out completely different. Jenny never had a clear path for her destiny, and Forrest only ever wanted to love and be loved by Jenny.

Orem

Strengths Orems possibility provide a comprehensive miserly to breast feeding practice. It is functional in the different fields of nursing. May it be in clinical setting, education, research or administration. Moreover, this theory is as applicable for nursing by the beginning practiti geniusr as much as the advanced clinician(George JB. , 1995). Another major strength of Orems theory is its advocacy for the use of the Nursing Process (Balabagno, et. al, 2006). Orem specifically identified the stairs of this process.She also mentioned that the nursing process involves intellectual and practical phases. Limitations The ambiguity of applying theory to nursing practice may lie in the fact that one theory does not always specifically support all aspects of nursing c are. Orems self care deficit theory may not encompass all aspects of care and ineluctably of a specific client. For instance, somewhat dilemma with Orems theory include having an unclear definition of family, the nurse-so ciety affinity and public education areas are weak.These issues are essential in the perplexity and treatment plan in caring for patients. Although the family, community and environment are considered in self care action, the focus is primarily on the soulfulnessist (Balabagno, et. al, 2006). Another limitation is the definition of health as being energising and ever changing with states ranging from health or non health, wellness or distemper (Fitzpatrick JJ, 2005).This definition of health directly contradicts the experience of some patients with varying needs and levels of care requirements. One of the most obvious limitations of Orems theory is that end-to-end her work, it can be said that a limited recognition of an individuals emotional needs is present within the theory (George JB. , 1995). It focuses to a greater extent on physical care and gives lesser emphasis to psychological care. different theories address this limitation quite adequately such as denim Watsons T heory of Caring.

A Debate on Political Philosophy: Hamilton Versus Jefferson Essay

In the late 1700s to the beforehand(predicate) 1800s, the United States was in indispensability of a political ism that interpreted the Constitution loosely, avoided possibly ruinous wars, and built up the frugality in the easiest and most efficient office possible, all which were found best in Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton believed that the time called for a loose interpretation, or construction, of the Constitution. He and his Federalist followers invoked the idea of elastic article, a agency in which the people could bend exactly what the open Fathers were saying to help make it apply to the problems of the time.See much introduction Binding In China essayThe nation and her Constitution were cool it young and gro captivateg, and the ability to form the governing body as the country progressed was crucial to having any national stand upth at all. Jefferson, on the other hand, believed in a strict construction of the Constitution and the rights of individual states, no t federal official unity like Hamilton did. Unfortunately, it was clear to many that the rights of individual states, similar to the states rights that they had experient under the Articles of Confederation, were not reservation the nation operoseer, however instead get each state into more trouble, politically and economically.Foreign affairs likewise impacted why Hamiltons Federalist philosophy worked for the time. As the United States was but coming expose of a war, we were weak militarily, economically, and politically. The last thing that we call for was to enter into the French Revolutionary War that held enormous stakes. The Jeffersonians, however, favored observance the 1778 French-the Statesn Alliance that we had made, in order to repay them for helping us win our freedom, even though the French had never officially called on America to honor the alliance.George Washington, sensing that war would be too much for much(prenominal) a fragile nation, issued the 1793 Neutrality Proclamation warning Americans not to be partial to either side, so America would be better protected. Hamiltons economic policies and financial system was also the most effective way to build the new economy up. Hamiltons policies were shaped to favor the tight, but in such a way that the wealthy would lend the government money and give it political advocate, which would then cause the federal authorities to strive, higher course of actiones to fatten and grow with new wealth, and prosperity to filter to the masses.Hamilton believed in forming a national credit out of all the states debts, as swell as creating a Bank of the United States to have the government support itself in stock. Jefferson believed, contrary to Hamiltons more urban views of economic progress, that country-bred and private farming would be the fairest way to build up the economy from the bottom classes up. However, this would have been a very time consuming surgery and was therefore not suit ed for the infant America, who needed to grow apace to find its place in the rest of the world.Jefferson also thought a Bank of the United States was unconstitutional and forbidden by the Founding Fathers operating instructions in the Constitution. However, Hamilton proved that the Constitution permitted it by showing how the Constitution stipulates that intercourse may pass any laws necessary and proper to carry out the powers vested in the various government agencies, including the powers to collect taxes and regulate trade, therefore making a communal bank for the nation ideal and very good to structure and supporting an economy.In todays American, however, Jeffersons philosophy would be much better suited. Today, it seems as though we have roughly lost track of what the Founding Fathers wanted for this country, so going bear to a stricter construction of the Constitution would stop many of the questionable laws passed thank to an overly bendable elastic clause.Also, since the United States has been caught up in meddling in so many other nations political affairs as of late, we need to be reminded of honoring our alliances and keeping an open mind when dealing with other countries that argon in a current struggle. Now that we are an experienced nation in how to achieve and maintain independence, we are pie-eyed enough to help other countries do the same, although we would not have been in 1789 for the French Revolution.Finally, todays America has a very strong and stubborn upper class that, much of the time, promises to allow profit to trickle through to the extremely large middle class but does not follow through with those plans. Since it is too hard to work with the upper class to give prosperity to the lower classes, using Jeffersons philosophy of building up from the bottom, though it make take a while, will eventually work and make the American more equal.Overall, Hamiltons ideas of a more loose construction of the Constitution, caution when it came to extraneous affairs, and working through the wealthy to give prosperity to all Americans were well suited to the late 1700s and early 1800s. However, now that times are different, Jeffersons ideas are more applicable to our countrys needs of a more regulated government, more positive foreign affairs and well thought out foreign policies, and an equal economy that starts with helping the lower and middle classes to expand and grow in their own way.

Of Mice and Men Film/Book Comparison

The lack of interaction between the Weak ones of the ranch in the film recital of Of Mice and Men results in the obscuring of the theme of handicaps that is present throughout the novel. In the film, the flick begins with Leonie approaching Crooks as the rest of the men ar in the close town. They discuss Liens desire to tend rabbits and later on, Leonie makes it clear his intention for George and he to be together till the end. George comes in, escorts Leonie out of the room where they encounter Curlers married woman as she complains of her unhappy marriage and runs extraneous.The book varies in the way that Curlers married woman and Candy argon both in the room as they alone talk. As Candy, Leonie, and Crooks discuss the promise of a brighter future, Curlers married woman is quick to twinge their dreams with the reality of each of their situations. After she humiliates them, they are defeated and their harsh tidy sum sink in. It is important to notice in the novel that each character has their own handicap, whether it is age, gender, race, mental capability, or physical capability although they show potentiality even with their weak descriptions, the purpose of the theme is to convey the low adjustment their society has of handicaps.For example, Crooks, even being a bitter man, latches onto their dream of the dwarfish house for the promise of companionship, but because of his race and the prejudice during the time period, Curlers wife makes sure he knows that he will never be accepted. Although the handicaps are physically portrayed In the film, they are not reinforced advantageously enough because there isnt as big of a power remainder between Leonie and Crooks as there is between them and Curlers wife. Curlers wife may be handicapped as her loneliness makes her desperate, but she has the ability to take away any hope they eave.Also, in the novel, Curlers wife mentions that the men left the ternary Weak ones at home. This comment serves to furth er describe the time period as there Is never enough protection for the weak from the strong. The theme of handicaps Is infixed to the comprehension of the novel as It grasps the concept of Inequality without the themes distinction, there Is no closure, positive or negative, that Is needed for the reader to comprehend the negative impingement the fictional world has on a group of people that are not as strong as society requires them to be.

A Quest for Selfhood Essay

In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass An American Slave, Frederick Douglass effectively describes his escapes from slaveh elderers through his intellectual literacy. In virtue of his experience as an enslaved man, Douglass writes ab forth the abuse he suffers for existence African American. He writes his narrative for the general globe including slaves, to show the slaveholders wrongdoings. Douglass portrays the embarrassing treatment of slaves to express inhumane conditions, which they face repeatedly. throughout the novel Douglass is open to persuade his registerers that slavery is cruel and an immoral act, through the use of optic tomography, situational irony, and dinner dress diction. Through the use of visual imagery, Douglass is able to persuade the mankind that the physical scars from slave have dehumanizing effects by describing brutality, and human degradation.On one of Douglasss first accounts, he describes his gets expiration by stating I was no t on the wholeowed to be present during her illness, at her death, or burial (Page 18). This incident relates to pathos because it reveals Douglasss lack of interaction with his mother and the isolation he endures in the early stages of his life, which emotionally draws the reader into realizing the mental afflictions of slavery. As well as his mothers passing, Douglass utilizes visual imagery to account for the last long time of his frail grandmother If my poor old grandmother now lives, she lives to suffer in utter loneliness she lives to cogitate and mourn over the loss of children (Page 56). Douglass exposes how little sympathy slaveholders possess towards slaves. ocular imagery of this incident persuades the reader of slaverys savagery because it is sack that Douglass is kept away from the people whom he loves, and is forced to feel aught but sorrow.Due to the restrictions from slavery, Douglass copes with his aches by describing clear details of the worst days of his li fe. Likewise, Douglass presents the remorseless treatment of slaves through the use of situational irony. A representation of this is shown indoors old Barney and young Barney-father and son. He says They were frequently whipped when leastdeserving, and escaped trounce when most deserving it (Page 30). Douglass explains that living in a constant defer of fear, the boys are never safe from severe punishment regardless of doing everything theyre told. Douglass alike uses logos to convince the public that slaveholders are not exposed of managing others because they dont have moral sense. Additionally, Douglass elaborates another situational paradox when he fights back against Mr. Covey From this time I was never again what magnate be called fairly whipped, though I remained a slave four-spot years afterwards. I had several fights, but was never whipped (Page 75).Douglasss ferocious determination for freedom results in respect from his slaveholder, which is unbelievable and con tradictory to slavery overall. Because of the situational irony from the events prior, Douglass is able to express how irresponsible slaveholders are to be manipulating slaves. Furthermore, formal diction is most prominent is Douglasss narrative because it describes most of the details. despite his restrictions, Douglasss strong desire for education allows for gains in his knowledge, to which is distinct through his writing skills. Douglasss intellectual literacy not only distresses the general public towards slavery, but mesmerizes them to conceive the idea on how he made it out alive. A prime example of formal diction is shown when describing Mr. Austin battue Mr. Hopkins was succeeded by Mr. Austin Gore, a man possessing, in an eminent degree, all those traits of character indispensable (Page 33)He claims that the first-rate overseer, Mr. Gore is superior and honor because of his highly callous acts. Thus, Douglass is able to address a highly ameliorate audience such as the r eaders of this academic narrative. He then adds, expiry to live at Baltimore laid the foundation, and opened the gateway, to all my subsequent successfulness (Page 41). In other words, Douglass desperately wishes for freedom, and is able to fulfill his fortune at Baltimore. Formal diction allows Douglass to put his eloquent vocabulary to use. Although Frederick Douglass was an enslaved man, he teaches himself to read and write.He uses his intellectual gains of writing as a way to portray his brutal life, and explains the struggles he goes through to now being Americas role as the most famous African American slave. Throughout the narrative, he uses rhetorical devices to personify the thoughts that go through his mind as a slave. He also uses figurative language to vividly illustrate the hardshipsof being African American with the use of visual imagery, situational irony, and formal diction. These devices also make the tortures of being a slave more understandable and tardily to co mprehend. His eloquent literacy continues to be relevant in both history and the juvenile world today.

Kitsch Internet Cafe Business Plan

KITSCH INTERNET java shop Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary5 1. 1 Objectives6 1. 2 Keys to Success6 1. 3 Mission6 1. 4 Risks7 2. Company commentary7 2. 1 Company ordain power7 2. 2 St fine art-up Summary8 2. 3 Company Locations and Facilities10 3. ex excogitateation of Services11 3. 1 rivalrous Comparison11 3. 2 Service verbal description11 3. 3 Fulfillment12 3. 4 Technology12 3. 5 Future Services12 4. Market abstract13 4. 1 take aim Market Segment Strategy13 4. 1. 1 Market Tr demolitions13 4. 1. 2 Market Needs13 4. 2 Market Segmentation14 4. Service c ar epitome15 4. 3. 1 Competition and Buying Patterns16 4. 3. 2 Business dissevericipants16 4. 3. 3 Distributing a Service17 5. Marketing Strategy18 5. 1 Strategy Pyramid18 5. 1. 1 Attract Power net Users18 5. 1. 2 Social Hub18 5. 1. 3 Attract Novice profit Users19 5. 2 SWOT Analysis19 5. 2. 1 Weaknesses20 5. 2. 2 Opportunities20 5. 2. 3 Threats20 5. 2. 4 Strengths21 5. 3 Competitive Edge21 5. 4 Marketing Strategy21 5. 4. 1 Pricing Strategy22 5. 4. 2 Promotion Strategy22 5. 5 sales Strategy23 5. 5. 1 sales Forecast23 . 6 Milest anes26 6. Operating Plan27 6. 1 strength Plan27 7. monetary Plan29 7. 1 Start-up Funding29 7. 2 Important Assumptions31 7. 3 Key Financial Indicators32 7. 4 Break-even Analysis32 7. 5 Projected usefulness and Loss33 7. 6 Projected immediate payment prey37 7. 7 Projected fit Sheet40 7. 8 Business Ratios42 8. Appendix46 Kitsch profit cafe Executive Summary Kitsch, unlike a typical cafe, al unrivaledow for come through a unequaled forum for communication and entertainment through the strength of the net. Kitsch is the answer to an increasing demand.The public wants (1) rag to the methods of communication and volumes of information at one time available on the network, and (2) access at a woo they empennage afford and in much(prenominal) a way that they arent amicablely, economically, or politically isolated. Kitschs goal is to provide the society with a social, educational, entertaining, atmosphere for cosmopolitan communication. Highlights pic 1. 1 Objectives Kitschs objectives for the first three stratums of operation embarrass The creation of a unique, upscale, innovative surround that forget differentiate Kitsch from local anesthetic coffee ho exercises. Educating the community on what the cyberspace has to offer. The formation of an environment that provide bring volume with diverse liaisons and backgrounds together in a third estate forum. costly coffee and bakehouse items at a reasonable price. low-priced access to the resources of the cyberspace and former(a) online function. 1. 2 Keys to Success The keys to the success for Kitsch are The creation of a unique, innovative, upscale atmosphere that pull up stakes differentiate Kitsch from early(a) local coffee shops and future internet cafes. The establishment of Kitsch as a community hub for enculturation and entertainment. The creation of an enviro nment that wont intimidate the novice user. Kitsch go away position itself as an educational resource for individuals wishing to learn somewhat the benefits the earnings has to offer. Great coffee and bakery items. 1. 3 Mission As the customaryity of the Internet resides to grow at an exponential rate, easy and affordable accessis quickly be approaching a necessity of life. Kitsch provides communities with the ability to access the Internet, p consider a cup of coffee, and share Internet experiences in a thriving environment.People of all ages and backgrounds leave behind come to enjoy the unique, upscale, educational, and innovative environment that Kitsch provides. 1. 4 Risks The risks involved with starting Kitsch were Will at that place be a demand for the services offered by Kitsch in Nicosia? Will the popularity of the Internet continue to grow, or is the Internet a fad? Will individuals be forgeting to pay for the service Kitsch offers? Will the cost of accessi ng the Internet from foundation drop so signifi shtuptly that there will not be a market for Internet Cafes such as Kitsch? Company DescriptionKitsch, is located at the area of Agioi Omologites at 15 Chiou Street, offering the community easy and affordable access to the Internet. Kitsch is providing full access to email, WWW, FTP, Usenet and other Internet applications such as Telnet and Gopher. Kitsch will likewise provide customers with a unique and innovative environment for enjoying capacious coffee, specialty beverages, and bakery items. Kitsch is appealing to individuals of all ages and backgrounds. The instructional Internet classes, and the helpful staff that Kitsch provides, will appeal to the audition that does not associate themselves with the computing device age.This educational aspect attracts younger and immemorial members of the community who are rapidly gaining bear on in the unique resources that online communication theory have to offer. The downtown loca tion will provide business people with convenient access to their morning coffee and online needs. 2. 1 Company Ownership Kitsch is have by M & T Corporation with the manager Loizos Loizou to make the main share (80%). 2. 2 Start-up Summary Kitschs start-up cost conceal coffee making equipment, point renovation and modification, upper-case letter to cover losings in the first year, and the communications equipment required to get its customers online.The communications equipment necessary to provide Kitschs customers with a fast connection to the Internet and the services it has to offer make up a large portion of the start-up costs. These costs included the computer terminals and all costs associated with their set-up. equals were alike designated for the purchase of two laser printers and a scanner. Additional to those, one espresso machine, an automatic coffee grinder, and claw additional equipment will be purchased from Petersons ltd. The building at 15 Chiou Street r equired funds for renovation and modification. A single estimated enrol was allocated for this purpose.The renovation/modification cost estimated included the costs associated with preparing the building for enterprisingness business. Start-up outlay Details 11 computers = 22,000 two printers = 1,000 one scanner = euchre software = 810 one espresso machine = 10,700 one automatic espresso grinder = 795 other fixtures and remodeling o two coffee/food preparation counters = 1,000 o one information display counter = 1,000 o one drinking/ eating counter = 500 o sixteen stools = 1,600 o six computer desks w/chairs = 2,400 o stationery goods = 500 o two tele hollers = cc o decoration expense = 13,000 Start-up Requirements Start-up Expenses Legal 500 Stationery etc. 500 Brochures 500 Consultants 2,000 Insurance 700 Rent 1,445 4-group Automatic Coffee mechanism 10,700 Bean Grinder 795 Computer Systems (x11), Software, Printer, Scanner 24,310 Communication Lines 840 Fixtures/Remodel 20,000 innate Start-up Expenses 62,290 Start-up Assets coin Required 24,000 Start-up caudex 2,000 opposite occurrent Assets 0 long-run Assets 0 complete Assets 26,000 thoroughgoing Requirements 88,290 2. 3 Company Locations and Facilities A site has been chosen at 15 Chiou Street in Agioi Omologites. This site was chosen for various reasons, including Proximity to the downtown business community. Proximity to trendy, upscale restaurants such as Bagatelle, Steak & Co, Paragadi fish restaurant, Aperitivo Jet Set and others Parking availability. Low cost rent . 85 per square foot for 1700 square feet. High visibility. all told of these qualities are consistent with Kitschs goal of providing a central hub of communication and socialization for the Eugene community. Description of Services Kitsch is providing full access to email, WWW, FTP, Usenet and other Internet applications such as Telnet and Gopher. Printing, scannin g, and introductory courses to the Internet are also available to the customer. Kitsch also provides customers with a unique and innovative environment for enjoying great coffee, specialty beverages, and bakery items. 3. 1 Competitive Comparison Kitsch is the first Internet cafe in Agioi Omologites. Kitsch differentiates itself from the strictly-coffee cafes in Agioi Omologites by providing its customers with Internet and computing services. 3. 2 Service DescriptionKitsch provides its customers with full access to the Internet and common computer software and hardware. some of the Internet and computing services available to Kitschs customers are listed to a lower place gateway to external POP3 and IMAP email accounts. Customers can sign up for a Kitsch email account. This account will be managed by Kitsch servers and accessible from computer systems outside the Kitsch network. FTP, Telnet, Gopher, and other popular Internet utilities will be available. Access to Netscape, G oogle Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer browser. Access to laser and color printing. Access to popular software applications like Adobe PhotoShop and Microsoft Office.Kitsch also provides its customers with access to introductory Internet and email classes. These classes will be held in the afternoon and late in the evening. By providing these classes, Kitsch builds a client base familiar with its services. The computers, Internet access, and classes wouldnt retrieve half as much if taken out of the environment Kitsch provides. Good coffee, specialty drinks, bakery goods, and a comfortable environment provide Kitsch customers with a home away from home. Kitsch is a place to enjoy the benefits of computing in a comfortable and well-kept environment. 3. 3 Fulfillment Kitsch obtains computer incite and Internet access from Logitech Computers located in Agioi Omologites.CYTA and CYTACOM Solutions provide the Internet connections and network consulting. Petersons ltd will provide Kitsch with coffee equipment, bulk coffee, and paper supplies. A dumbfound for the bakery items has not been yet completed. 3. 4 Technology Kitsch invests in high-speed computers to provide its customers with a fast and efficient connection to the Internet. The computers are bona fide and fun to work with. Kitsch will continue to upgrade and modify the systems to quench current with communications technology. One of the main attractions associated with Internet cafes, is the state of the art equipment available for use. Not everyone has a Pentium PC in their home or office. 3. 5 Future ServicesAs Kitsch grows, more(prenominal) communications systems will be added. The possibility of additional units has been accounted for in the current floor visualize. As the demand for Internet connectivity increases, along with the increase in competition, Kitsch will continue to add new services to keep its customer base coming back for more. Market Analysis Kitsch is faced with th e exciting opportunity of universe the first-mover in Nicosias cyber-cafe market. The consistent popularity of coffee, combined with the growing interest in the Internet, has been proven to be a winning concept in other markets and will produce the same results in Nicosia. 4. 1 Target Market Segment StrategyKitsch intends to cater to people who want a guided tour on their first spin around the Internet and to experienced users eager to indulge their passion for computers in a social setting. Furthermore, Kitsch is a magnet for local and professionals who desire to work or mark off their email messages in a friendly atmosphere. These professionals will either use Kitschs PCs, or plug their notebooks into Internet connections. Kitschs target market covers a vast range of ages from members of Generation X who grew up surrounded by computers, to handle Boomers who have come to the realization that people today cannot afford to brush aside computers. 4. 1. 1 Market TrendsA market su rvey was conducted in the give ear of 2007. Key questions were asked of fifty potential customers. Some key findings include 35 subjects said they would be willing to pay for access to the Internet. One euro per arcminute was the most popular hourly Internet fee at that time. 24 subjects use the Internet to communicate with others on a regular basis. 4. 1. 2 Market Needs Factors such as current trends, addiction, and historical sales data ensure that the high demand for coffee will delay constant over the following louvre years. The rapid growth of the Internet and online services, that has been witnessed worldwide, is only the tip of the iceberg.The potential growth of the Internet is enormous, to the point where one day, a computer terminal with an online connection will be as common and necessary as a telephone. This may be 10 or 20 years down the road, but for the next five years, the online service provider market is sure to experience tremendous growth. existence one of the firsts cyber-cafe in Nicosia, Kitsch will enjoy the first-mover advantages of put up recognition and customer loyalty. Initially, Kitsch will hold a 100 pct share of the cyber-cafe market in Nicosia. In the next five years, competitors will enter the market. Kitsch has set a goal to maintain greater than a 50 percent market share. 4. 2 Market Segmentation Kitschs customers can be divided into two groups.The first group is familiar with the Internet and desires a progressive and inviting atmosphere where they can get out of their offices or bedrooms and enjoy a great cup of coffee. The second group is not familiar with the Internet, yet, and is just waiting for the right opportunity to enter the online community. Kitschs target market falls anywhere between the ages of 15 and 50. This highly wide range of ages is due to the fact that both coffee and the Internet appeal to a variety of people. In addition to these two extensive categories, Kitschs target market can be divide d into more unique(predicate) market segments. The majority of these individuals are students and business people. See the Market Analysis graph and table beneath for more specifics. pic Market Analysis course 1 stratum 2 stratum 3 Unit gross revenue Coffee- fairish 12,016 14,068 15,475 strong point Drinks- average 6,654 7,913 8,705 Email Memberships 8,703 10,505 11,556 Hourly Internet Fees 38,269 46,365 51,002 baked Goods- average 32,673 42,150 46,365 tally Unit Sales 98,315 121,001 133,103 Unit Prices social class 1 course 2 yr 3 Coffee- average 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 Specialty Drinks- average 2. 00 2. 00 1. 00 Email Memberships 10. 00 10. 00 10. 00 Hourly Internet Fees 2. 50 2. 50 2. 50 cook Goods- average 1. 25 1. 25 1. 0 Sales Coffee- average 12,016 14,068 15,475 Specialty Drinks- average 13,308 15,826 8,705 Email Memberships 87,030 105,050 115,560 Hourly Internet Fees 95,673 115,913 127,505 Baked Goods- average 40,84 1 52,688 46,365 full Sales 248,868 303,544 313,610 Direct Unit Costs Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Coffee- average 0. 5 0. 25 0. 25 Specialty Drinks- average 0. 50 0. 50 0. 25 Email Memberships 2. 50 2. 50 2. 50 Hourly Internet Fees 0. 63 0. 63 0. 63 Baked Goods- average 0. 31 0. 31 0. 25 Direct Cost of Sales Coffee- average 3,004 3,517 3,869 Specialty Drinks- average 3,327 3,957 2,176 Email Memberships 21,758 26,263 28,890 Hourly Internet Fees 23,918 28,978 31,876 Baked Goods- average 10,210 13,172 11,591 Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales 62,217 75,886 78,403 5. 6 MilestonesThe Kitsch prudence team has established some basic milestones to keep the business plan priorities in place. Responsibility for implementation falls on the shoulders of Loizos Loizou. This Milestones Table below will be updated as the year progresses using the actual tables. refreshing milestones added as the first year of operations commences. pic 6. Operating Plan Kitsch is owned and operated by Mr. Loizos Loizou. The company, being small in nature, requires a simple organisational structure. Implementation of this organisational form calls for the owner, Mr. Loizou, to make all of the major trouble decisions in addition to monitoring all other business activities. 6. 1 force-out PlanThe staff will consist of six odd-job(prenominal) employees working thirty hours a week at 5. 50 per hour. In addition, one regular technician (who is more technologically oriented to handle minor terminal repairs/inquiries) will be employed to work forty hours a week at 10. 00 per hour. The two private investors, Andreas Augoustinos and Panagiotis Metaxas will not be included in management decisions. This simple structure provides a great deal of flexibility and allows communication to disperse quickly and directly. Because of these characteristics, there are few coordination problems seen at Kitsch that are common within larger organizational chains. This strategy will enable Kitsch to react quickly to changes in the market. Personnel Plan Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Owner 24,000 26,400 29,040 Part Time 1 7,920 7,920 7,920 Part Time 2 7,920 7,92 7,920 Part Time 3 7,920 7,920 7,920 Part Time 4 7,920 7,920 7,920 Part Time 5 7,920 7,920 7,920 Part Time 6 3,960 7,920 7,920 Technician 21,731 23,904 26,294 Manager 4,000 24,000 26,400 amount People 9 9 9 core Payroll 93 121,824 129,254 291 7. Financial Plan The following regions lay out the details of our financial plan for the next three years. 7. 1 Start-up Funding This business plan is prepared to obtain backing in the amount of 24,000. The supplemental financing is required to begin work on site preparation and modifications, equipment purchases, and to cover expenses in the first year of operations. Additional financing has already been secured as follows 19,000 of personal savings from owner Loizos Loizou 36,000 from two investors and 9,290 in the form of short-term loans Start-up F unding Start-up Expenses to Fund 62,290 Start-up Assets to Fund 26,000 tot Funding Required 88,290 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up 2,000 currency Requirements from Start-up 24,000 Additional currency Raised 0 hard cash Balance on Starting Date 24,000 Total Assets 26,000 Liabilities and superior Liabilities underway Borrowing 9,290 semipermanent Liabilities 24,000 AccountsPayable (Outstanding Bills) 0 different certain Liabilities (interest-free) 0 Total Liabilities 33,290 working capital Planned investment funds Loizos Loizou 43,000 Private Investor 12,000 Additional Investment Requirement 0 Total Planned Investment 55,000 Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) (62,290) Total working capital (7,290) Total hood and Liabilities 26,000 Total Funding 88,290 7. 2 Important Assumptions elemental assumptionsare presented in the table below. General Assumptions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Plan month 1 2 3 real Interest pre scribe 8. 00% 8. 00% 8. 00% long-run Interest Rate 10. 00% 10. 00% 10. 00% Tax Rate 30. 00% 30. 00% 30. 00% separate 0 0 0 7. 3 Key Financial Indicators Important benchmark data is presented in the chart below. Benchmarks pic 7. 4 Break-even Analysis Break-even data is presented in the chart and table below. pic Break-even Analysis monthly Units Break-even 7,294 monthly Revenue Break-even 18,462 Assumptions sightly Per-Unit Revenue 2. 53 Average Per-Unit Variable Cost 0. 63 Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost 13,847 7. 5 Projected Profit and Loss Payroll Expense The founder of Kitsch, Loizos Loizou, will receive a salary of 24,000 in year one, 26,400 in year two, and 29,040 in year three. Kitsch intends to hired six part-time employees by the end of year one at 5. 75/hour and a full-time technician at 10. 00/hour. Rent Expense Kitsch is leasing a 1700 square foot installment at . 85/sq. oot. The lease agreement Kitsch signed specifies that we pay 2,000/calendar month for a total of 36 months. At the end of the third year, the lease is open for negotiations and Kitsch may or may not re-sign the lease depending on the demands of the lessor. Utilities Expense As stated in the contract, the lessor is responsible for the payment of utilities including gas, drivel disposal, and real estate taxes. The only utilities expense that Kitsch must pay is the phone bill generated by fifteen phone lines thirteen will be dedicated to modems and two for business purposes. The basic periodic service accusal for each line provided by CYTA is 17. 29.The 13 lines used to connect the modems will make local calls to the network provided by CYTACOM Solutions resulting in a monthly charge of 224. 77. The two additional lines used for business communication will cost 34. 58/month plus long space fees. Kitsch assumes that it will not make more than 40. 00/month in long distance calls. Therefore, the total cost associated with the two business lines is estimated a t 74. 58/month and the total phone expense at 299. 35/month. In addition, there will be an additional utility expense of 800 for estimated EWEB bills. Marketing Expense Kitsch allocated 33,750 for promotional expenses over the first year.These were used for advertising in local newspapers in order to build consumer awareness. For additional information, please refer to section 5. 0 of the business plan. Insurance Expense Kitsch has allocated 1,440 for insurance for the first year. As revenue increases in the second and third year of business, Kitsch intends to invest more money for additional insurance coverage. derogation In depreciating our capital equipment, Kitsch used the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery Method. We depreciated our computers over a five-year time period and our fixtures over seven years. Taxes Kitsch is not taxed. However, there is a 15% payroll burden. Detailed Profit and Loss data is presented in the table below. pic pic pic Pro Forma Profit and Loss Yea r 1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales 248,868 303,544 313,610 Direct Cost of Sales 62,217 75,886 78,403 Other Costs of Sales 0 0 0 Total Cost of Sales 62,217 75,886 78,403 take in Margin 186,651 227,658 235,208 Gross Margin % 75. 00% 75. 00% 75. 0% Expenses Payroll 93,291 121,824 129,254 Marketing/Promotion 33,750 40,000 43,000 Depreciation 0 0 0 Rent 24,000 24,000 24,000 Utilities 9,120 9,120 9,120 Insurance 6,000 6,000 6,000 Payroll Taxes 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 Total Operating Expenses 166,161 200,944 211,374 Profit in front Interest and Taxes 20,490 26,714 23,834 EBITDA 20,490 26,714 23,834 Interest Expense 2,325 1,470 1,100 Taxes Incurred 5,450 7,573 6,820 Net Profit 12,716 17,671 15,913 Net Profit/Sales 5. 11% 5. 82% 5. 07% 7. 6 immediate payment Flow Cash flow data is presented in the chart and table below. Accounts Payable Kitsch acquired a 24,000 loan from a bank at a 10% interest rate. The loan paid back at 800/month over the next three ye ars.The 9,290 short term loan paid back at a rate of 8%. Cash (000 ) pic Pro Forma Cash Flow Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Cash Received Cash from trading operations Cash Sales 248,868 303,544 313,610 Subtotal Cash from Operations 248,868 303,544 313,610 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, Received 0 0 0 New Current Borrowing 2,000 5,000 0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free) 0 0 0 New Long-term Liabilities 0 0 0 Sales of Other Current Assets 0 0 0 Sales of Long-term Assets 0 0 0 New Investment Received 0 0 0 Subtotal Cash Received 250,868 308,544 313,610 Expenditures Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Expenditures from Operations Cash Spending 93,291 121,824 129,254 Bill Payments 133,870 165,945 168,467 Subtotal Spent on Operations 227,161 287,769 297,721 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, Paid Out 0 0 0 read/write head repayment of Current Borrowing 9,290 2,000 0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment 0 0 0 Long-term Liabilities P rincipal Repayment 9,600 5,000 4,800 leverage Other Current Assets 0 0 0 Purchase Long-term Assets 0 0 0 Dividends 0 0 0 Subtotal Cash Spent 246,051 294,769 302,521 Net Cash Flow 4,817 13,775 11,089 Cash Balance 28,817 42,592 53,681 7. 7 Projected Balance Sheet Our projected balance piece of paper is presented in the table below. Pro Forma Balance Sheet Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Assets Current Assets Cash 28,817 42,592 53,681 memorandum 6,980 8,514 8,796 Other Current Assets 0 0 0 Total Current Assets 35,797 51,106 62,478 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets 0 0 0 Accumulated Depreciation 0 0 0 Total Long-term Assets 0 0 0 Total Assets 35,797 51,106 62,478 Liabilities and Capital Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 13,972 13,610 13,868 Current Borrowing 2,000 5,000 5,000 Other Current Liabilities 0 0 0 Subtotal Current Liabilities 15,972 18,610 18,868 Long-term Liabilities 14,400 9,400 4,600 Total Liabilities 30,372 28,010 23,468 Paid-in Capital 55,000 55,000 55,000 bear Earnings (62,290) (49,574) (31,904) Earnings 12,716 17,671 15,913 Total Capital 5,426 23,096 39,010 Total Liabilities and Capital 35,797 51,106 62,478 Net expense 5,426 23,096 39,010 7. 8 Business Ratios The Standard industrial Classification (SIC) Code for the Internet Service Provider industry is aloof data base information retrieval 7375. 9903. We used the report for breeding retrieval services 7375 to generatethe industry profile. As we are also a food cafe we could have used the ratios based on SIC classification 5812, Eating places. The combined nature of Kitsch Cafe makes our ratios a blend of the two industries. Ratio Analysis Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Industry Profile Sales emergence 0. 00% 21. 97% 3. 32% 0. 90% Percent of Total Assets Inventory 19. 50% 16. 66% 14. 08% 2. 17% Other Current Assets 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 84. 8% Total Current Assets 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 86. 95% Long-term Assets 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 13. 05% Total Assets 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% Current Liabilities 44. 62% 36. 41% 30. 20% 28. 33% Long-term Liabilities 40. 23% 18. 39% 7. 36% 16. 21% Total Liabilities 84. 84% 54. 1% 37. 56% 44. 54% Net Worth 15. 16% 45. 19% 62. 44% 55. 46% Percent of Sales Sales 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% 100. 00% Gross Margin 75. 00% 75. 00% 75. 00% 100. 00% Selling, General & Administrative 69. 89% 69. 18% 69. 93% 79. 0% Expenses Advertising Expenses 0. 00% 0. 00% 0. 00% 1. 01% Profit Before Interest and Taxes 8. 23% 8. 80% 7. 60% 1. 62% Main Ratios Current 2. 24 2. 75 3. 31 0. 00 profligate 1. 80 2. 29 2. 85 0. 0 Total Debt to Total Assets 84. 84% 54. 81% 37. 56% 0. 00% Pre-tax founder on Net Worth 334. 80% 109. 30% 58. 28% 0. 00% Pre-tax Return on Assets 50. 74% 49. 40% 36. 39% 0. 00% Additional Ratios Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Net Profit Margin 5. 11% 5. 82% 5. 07% n. a Return on Equity 234. 36% 76. 1% 40. 79% n. a occupation Ratios Inventory Turnover 12. 00 9. 80 9. 06 n. a Accounts Payable Turnover 10. 58 12. 17 12. 17 n. a Payment Days 27 30 30 n. a Total Asset Turnover 6. 95 5. 94 5. 02 n. Debt Ratios Debt to Net Worth 5. 60 1. 21 0. 60 n. a Current Liab. to Liab. 0. 53 0. 66 0. 80 n. a Liquidity Ratios Net operative Capital 19,826 32,496 43,610 n. Interest Coverage 8. 81 18. 17 21. 67 n. a Additional Ratios Assets to Sales 0. 14 0. 17 0. 20 n. a Current Debt/Total Assets 45% 36% 30% n. a Acid strain 1. 80 2. 29 2. 85 n. a Sales/Net Worth 45. 87 13. 14 8. 4 n. a Dividend Payout 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 n. a 8. Appendix Sales Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Assets Starting Balances Current Assets Cash 24,00 23,026 18,600 13,589 16,879 16,066 19,557 20,657 22,308 24,307 26,675 27,415 28,817 Inventory 2,000 1,900 2,683 3,106 5,203 5,403 5,614 5,819 6,034 6,256 6,490 6,730 6,980 Other Current Assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Current Assets 26,00 24,926 21,282 16,696 22,082 21,469 25,170 26,476 28,342 30,562 33,165 34,145 35,797 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Accumulated Depreciation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Long-term Assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Assets 26,00 24,926 21,282 16,696 22,082 21,469 25,170 26,476 28,342 30,562 33,165 34,145 35,797 Liabilities and Capital Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 0 6,503 8,785 8,701 13,654 12,180 12,578 12,709 13,055 13,410 13,786 13,581 13,972 Current Borrowing 9,290 8,540 7,790 7,040 6,290 5,540 6,790 6,040 5,290 4,540 3,790 3,040 2,000 Other Current Liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Subtotal Current Liabilities 9,290 15,043 16,575 15,741 19,944 17,720 19,368 18,749 18,345 17,950 17,576 16,621 15,972 Long-term Liabilities 24,00 23,200 22,400 21,600 20,800 20,000 19,200 18,400 17,600 16,800 16,000 15,200 14,400 Total Liabilities 33,29 38,243 38,975 37,341 40,744 37,720 38,568 37,149 35,945 34,750 33,576 31,821 30,372 Paid-in Capital 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 Retained Earnings 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 62,29 Earnings 0 6,027 10,403 13,356 11,372 8,961 6,108 3,382 313 3,103 6,879 9,614 12,716 Total Capital 7,290 13,317 17,693 20,646 18,66 16,251 13,398 10,672 7,603 4,187 411 2,324 5,426 Total Liabilities and Capital 26,00 24,926 21,282 16,696 22,082 21,469 25,170 26,476 28,342 30,562 33,165 34,145 35,797 Net Worth 7,290 13,317 17,693 20,646 18,662 16,251 13,398 10,672 7,603 4,187 411 2,324 5,426

Over the Rainbow Essay

What transforms a put of information into narrate?when it comes from a reputable computer addresswhen it is supported by a citationwhen it is put ond to support or refute somethingwhen it exercises transitional language and phrasesIf a hard fact or visual pattern of a fact is take aimed, which regularity of incorporating evidence would be intimately hard-hitting?summarizingproviding dataparaphrasingquotingIf you would like to emphasize a particularly authoritative source, what method of incorporating evidence should you use?summarizingparaphrasingquotingproviding dataIf youd like to endure flat coat information regarding a topic using a source, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective?providing dataparaphrasingquotingsummarizingIf you wanted to write a paper analyzing how John Milton uses language in the epic poem nirvana Lost, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective?quotingparaphrasingsummarizingproviding dataWhat do you nee d to do to annul a floating point of reference? ingeminate to each unrivalled like a shot cite in your own actors line saltation incident citations for each direct quotemake sure each reference point mark is placed within a paragraph innovate and provide con school text for each reference pointHow do you summarize a overtaking?borrowing the exact words from the sourcerestating a naval division of text from the sourceexpressing the briny ideas of the passage in your own wordsrestating at least quin facts in your own wordsWhen using a direct quotation, how do you signify that the words atomic number 18 not yours?quotation marksin-text citations incidental citationsworks cited scallywagWhich action should you never manoeuver when selecting quotations? choosing the fewest words neededchanging the meaning of the quotation by changing the scope quoting long passages (block quotations) rarg altogetheradjusting the blame to fit the grammar of the quotationHow do you par aphrase a passage?expressing, in your own words, the main ideas of the passage restating, in your own words, a section of text from the source borrowing the exact words from the sourcerestating at least five facts in your own wordsHow does the MLA style of citation work? draft in-text citations connected to a works cited pagebrief in-text citations connected to parenthetical citations a works citedpage connected to a list of parenthetical citations at the end parenthetical citations connected to an alphabetical list of in-text citations at the beginningIf youd like to provide background information regarding a topic using a source, which method of incorporating evidence would be most effective?providing dataparaphrasingquotingsummarizingWhich action should you never take when selecting quotations? choosing the fewest words neededchanging the meaning of the quotation by changing the context quoting long passages (block quotations) rarelyadjusting the objurgate to fit the grammar of the quotationWhen using a direct quotation, how do you signify that the words are not yours? quotation marksin-text citationsparenthetical citationsworks cited pageHow do you summarize a passage?borrowing the exact words from the sourcerestating a section of text from the sourceexpressing the main ideas of the passage in your own wordsrestating at least five facts in your own wordsWhat is an modeling of a reference marker that a source might use? quotationprintWebpage numberingWhich of the pursuit is an slip of plagiarism?using too m some(prenominal) in-text citationsusing the Internet to rent researchfailing to format properly the title of the works cited page failing to cite direct or indirect quotationsIn the MLA style, what are in-text citations called?parenthetical citationsworks cited entriesbrief sourcesantiplagiarism notesWhat do you need to do to avoid a floating quotation?rephrase each direct quotation in your own wordsgive parenthetical citations for each direct quota tionmake sure each quotation is placed within a paragraphintroduce and provide context for each quotationWhich statement about the eclipsis is true?I. An ellipsis indicates the omission of a word or words.II. It is appropriate for an ellipsis to attend in any part of a sentence. triple. A single dummy between the periods is needful when using an ellipsis. I onlyII and troikaI and ternaryI, II, and IIIBased on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of the colon? At the beginning of his stress The inadequateness of Honesty, Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for justice discerning what is right and what is violate play acting on what you arrive at discerned, withal at personal cost and express openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and wrong. At the beginning of his essay The Insufficiency of Honesty, Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for justness, discerning what is right and what is wrong acting on what y ou beget discerned, even at personal cost and saying openly that you are acting onyour understanding of right and wrong. At the beginning of his essay The Insufficiency of Honesty Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for integrity discerning what is right and what is wrong acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost and saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and wrong. At the beginning of his essay The Insufficiency of Honesty, Stephen L. Carter establishes a definition for integrity, discerning what is right and what is wrong acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost and saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right and wrong.Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of brackets? When I refer to integrity, I have something very specific in mind, states Carter in his essay. It is important to believe that when he refers to integrity, Carter has something very specific i n mind. Referring to integrity is something that is important to Carter. According to Carter, he has something specific integrity in mind.Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? Should states require adolescents to be eighteen in advance obtaining a device drivers license (Bipin)? Should states require adolescents to be eighteen in the first place obtaining a drivers license (Bipin)? Should states, require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a drivers license? Bipin. Should states require adolescents to be eighteen before obtaining a drivers license? Bipin.Which statement about quotation marks is true?I. Quotation marks restrain apart on the spur of the moment quotations.II. Typically, a direct quotation requires three quotation marks. III. Commas used to introduce short quotations appear outside the quotation marks. II onlyI and IIII and IIII and IIIBased on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct useof quotat ion marks? When I refer to integrity, I have something specific in mind, states Carter. Carter states that the first touchstone states that integrity requires a stagecoach of moral reflectiveness. acting on what you have discerned is one of the three steps of Carters definition of integrity. According to Carter, integrity includes keeping ones commitments.Based on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of parentheses? In his definition of integrity, (Carter) states that discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness. The essay begins with the bring that discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness. (Carter) Regarding integrity, discerning what is right and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness (Carter). (Carter) writes, Discerning what is righ t and what is wrong . . . captures the idea that integrity requires a degree of moral reflectiveness.Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? Why do parents underestimate the import of make-up in ones daybook Hartwig asks? Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in ones journal, Hartwig asks? Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in ones journal? Hartwig asks. Why do parents underestimate the significance of writing in ones journal? Hartwig asks.Which of the following reflects the proper punctuation of the above sentence? Reading from a book each night before bed, harmonize to Jang, encourages the brain to mark the text. Reading from a book each night before bed, according to Jang, encourages the brain to regain the text. . . . Reading from a book each night before bed according to Jang encourages the brain to echo the text? Reading from a book each night before bed (according to Jang) encourages the brai n to remember the text.Which statement about parentheses is true?I. Parentheses practically appear at the end of the sentence.II. Citations for a direct quotation need to be set apart by parentheses. III. Periods always come aft(prenominal) the parentheses.I onlyI and IIII and IIII, II, and IIIBased on the passage above, which of the following reflects the correct use of brackets? When I refer to integrity, I have something very specific in mind, states Carter in his essay. It is important to remember that when he refers to integrity, Carter has something very specific in mind. Referring to integrity is something that is important to Carter. According to Carter, he has something specific integrity in mind.Which statement about the ellipsis is true?I. An ellipsis indicates the omission of a word or words.II. It is appropriate for an ellipsis to appear in any part of a sentence. III. A single space between the periods is necessary when using an ellipsis. I onlyII and IIII and IIII, II, and IIIWhich statement about parentheses is true?I. Parentheses often appear at the end of the sentence.II. Citations for a direct quotation need to be set apart by parentheses. III. Periods always come after the parentheses.I onlyI and IIII and IIII, II, and III

In Cold Blood Analysis

Mandeep Kaur analytic thinking 3B The depiction capote is based on the novel In coolness Blood ab extinct the collide with of the Clutter family. The novel does in the sense about the charters and the p crew but the movie leaves out many strategic details to leave the viewers wondering why something happened. capote focuses on the text and characterization In C senescent Blood, as the film Capote challenges the characterization of Perry Smith and scratch Hickock. Perry Smith was expound in the novel with crucial details as in the film they traverse the introductory details.Perry grew up under(a) difficult circumstances as ground tongue to in the book six of us riding in an old truck, sleeping in it, too, sometimes, and living off of mush and Hershey kisses and condensed milk. (131) The film doesnt tell Perrys upbringing but instead skips to after the maul and his struggle to be free. Being abandoned by his family he went by means of many traumatic experiences and su ffered severe abuse, thither was this one nurse shed submit a tub with ice- coldness water, put me in it, and hold me under till I was blue.Nearly drowned. (128) Smith later on develops a lifelong horror to which is written in the novel but in the film is non acted out which leaves the audience to wonder why he acts the way he does. The novel portrays Perrys reoccurring dream about a large raspberry that saves him from bullies and abusers, felt all breath and light leaving me, he said, in a subsequent description of his sensations. The walls of the cell fell away, the sky came down, and I saw the big yellow bird. (257).While in jail the film sees Perry having a hard time sleeping but ne He is described as a small, muscular man whose body is unique and unproportional who could neer find trousers to fit his truncated lower half, who wore blue jeans rolled up at the bottom and a leather windbreaker. (32). Perry never passed the third place but as an adult he has an incredible thirst for knowledge, vocabulary, and literature. His thirst to be educated is well portray in the film when Capote gives him laws books to read ad he adeptts to learn that he may be able to escape death.In the book the author only hints around to his transmutation to learn. This characters leaves a first impression that he is calm and gentle, but we later come to know that he is the more brutal of the two murders as we read in the novel, But a nigger, said Perry. Thats different. (105) When Perry is quoted saying the killed a somebody for no apparent reason, he is portrayed as a cold hearted killer. The film focuses on only the Clutter murder and non the permeable murder that Smith has committed as we have read in the novel.Dick Hickock, motivated by carnal impulses such as lust, greed, and vanity, was the other murder of the Clutter family. He was described as the master mind and instigant of the murders in the novel. One of his prison friends had told him about the Clutte r ranch and at present Dick was drawn to what he called a big score, this was give tongue to in the novel and not in the film Being told that there was a teenage girl living at the Clutter manse names, Nancy, he was further motivated by that fact as well, earlier I ever went to their house I knew there would be a girl there.I think the main reason I went there was not to rob them but to encroachment the girl. Because I thought a lot about it. That is one reason why I never precious to turn back when we started to. (270) In the film while interviewing with Capote, Perry admits that Dick was intending to rape Nancy. While reading the novel, the author hints around the idea of Dick having intimate desires for the innocent teenager. After the murders had happened Dick shows no remorse or worry in discussing the crime, he remains focused on finding a place to live, stealing, getting money and women.Once the murder had taken place Dick goes back home and acts like nothing ever happ ened, Dick was go through a Sunday dinner. The others at the table where not conscious of anything ludicrous in his manner (72) The film never gave background information on what Dick did or felt like when he killed the Clutter family. As described in the novel Dick is educated very driveway smart, athletic and charming, Basketball Baseball Football Dick was always the star player. A pretty good student, too, with A marks in several(prenominal) subjects. (158) The books goes into depth of his education and his sports career but the film leaves it out to give a sense the Hickock was uneducated and a slum. As stated in the book he is able to con shop owners and vulnerable women out of money and property. By conning shop owners is how the two murders were caught. In the film the show the capture of the two, but doesnt show how or when. Challenging the characterization of Perry Smith and Dick Hickock, the film Capote leaves out many descriptive details of the characters and the plot, while the novel In Cold Blood goes preceding(prenominal) and beyond to explain the characters.

Argumentive Paper on Illegal Downloading of Music

1. Speech Title Our Modern Day Pirates 2. Speaker/Audience An environmental activist/local group of environmental activists. 3. Purpose of Speech practice session To convince my audience to overhear action to preserve the tropical rainforests. 4. dissertation EXAMPLE I. Attention A) Alright so who here, and be h unmatchablest knows that they shed hotly scratch offloaded one of their favorite movies, practice of medicine exct.? (hands will be raised) Ah So there are my thieves B) The usage of prohibited downloading has been a huge task in the creation of the arts.Millions of dollars are creation invested into the hard work thats produced for the screwment of the society and is lost. C) For those who dont know stealing movies or symphony or anything is against the law. And trust me later on in my expression your going to know how unconstitutional it is to steal. Credibility) I have witnessed one of my fathers friends who was in a band. They were starting to grow into a suc cessful band, opened for osculation at the red rocks. Soon to come, CDs stop selling and Xirens own capital that he put in was lost due to illegal down loads.E Pre control) From this speech you will learn 1) how illegal downloading started its affect on artists that give the music. 2) You will learn Statistics on how it financially affects the music business and others, 3) the consequences of illegal downloading and 4) cheap alternatives to satisfy your needs in hopes to stop this madness. Transition) Lets go endorse to June the year was 1999. A creator Shwan Fanning Started one of the most unethical practices of data charge up sharing called Napster. II. Body A. Need It all started with a simple discombobulate that was created called appoint sharing.File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital workshopd information such has mp3 or music file. 1. According to an article ( R. I. P Napster) The confession that Napster promoted for illegal downlo ading was The translateed companies had let them down by only pose on a few hit singles and fills it up with songs well(p) to get more property. So Napster was programmed for individuals to select certain songs and not generate for it. When this happened, then millions of others begin to upload their own music and share it with others incisively about the globe.This lead to major copy writes infringements, which eventually put Napster out of business. It was in addition late though. Now near arguments that I have heard when I ask why do you illegally download music? The repartee is, the record companies cheat the artists out of their money any focal points. They see the record companies as big monsters who are evilly personified. Your basically playing robin poke bonnet when you go and download stuff without paying for it. Your ripping off the record companies. You think yea were beating this big evil monster.2. unluckily if you only knew the business part of it, the mo ney that is spent on the CDs or on I-tunes goes straight to the big evil monster record companies. erst this happens then the artists who produced that music gets a generous profit from the record company. 3) The put down Industry Association of America (RIAA) is extremely concerned with the illegal downloading. Since Napster, medicinal drug Sales have dropped 47% from loosing 14. 6 one thousand million dollars. (TechDirt. net) From 2004- 2009 30 billion songs were illegally downloaded on file sharing networks. Illegal downloading loses the music constancy 12. billion dollars a year, and said from 2004-2009 over 71,000 jobs were lost. This includes not only music artist but sound engineers, technicians, ware residence workers and even record store clerks. Illegal downloading under minds the future of music. by stealing the music you take away the music industries resources it needs to find new talent and holt the uprise of better music. *When we steal and download illegally a copious make out of music then the record companies are not getting seemly money and profit to pay the artists. This is when the only outcome is punishment for active in this scheme.B. Satisfaction Its now time that drastic measures must be taken. Just last year a federal jury instal a thirty two year old women who was charged 1. 9 million dollars. Charged 80,000 a song and only illegally downloaded 24 songs roughly twenty four bucks with the . 99 cent charge salary on I-tunes. (Digital Media Magazine) Was it worth it? If you are caught the record companies get to decided establish off infridment laws how much they can sue in individual. This is just one of the many cases who has been charged according to the copy write laws. S1. One way to stop this problem is to educate others on this subject.According to (Teens less likely to illegal download when they know ) 70% of multitude who were interviewed had no idea file sharing was illegal. These could be lies due to the fact of b eing afraid being sued, but 2. With the education on illegal downloading Between 2006-2009 16-20% of illegal downloading has declined, and 15-30% of people were engaged in legal downloading of music. Transition) *To keep you out of the dog house here are some safe alternatives so you can enjoy your music or in this case movies as well C. visualisation If you think that there is no other way to satisfy your music/movie needs then think again.Example I-tunes, Pandora radio, or even Netflix are safe legal ways to accesses music and movies. Netflix is one of the best alternatives to view movies and T. V shows. You only pay 7. 99 a month and detect unlimited movies. Example) Also big Television networks such as NBC,MTV and rag will let you view episodes of your favorite shows. If we stop the illegal downloading just think of how much support artist will have and money to create even better music *Now lets turn to some basic tips and a short story that helped me stop illegal downloadin g.D. performance 1) Since illegal downloading is such an easy task to do, think to yourself how you can be the domino effect of the down fall of the music industry. 2) Now I cant be there sitting over each and everyone of your shoulders and give the sack your descion to legally download. When I crashed my old computer using a file sharing called KAZA my father was livid. He gave me advice on how to govern my own actions. He asked me if I knew what the definition of address was. With 8 different translations of the word character in Webster dictionary my father came up with the ninth.He said Alex Character is establish on your actions and morals when no one is watching. Conclusion. Summary In decisiveness you have learned the beginning stages of illegal downloading, and how to combat this situation with safer alternatives. enormousness You saw how important legal down loading can be for the music industry and others, and the importance of supporting musicians by buying their musi c. determinative So just because no one is around and its just you toilet the screen of your computer, think to yourself before you download if youre a highwayman or a honorable person.

Abstract and Executive Overview of Y2K

What is the Y2K regaining? This paper pull up stakes describe the worrys associated with Y2K and how Indus attack, establishment, and Sm on the whole bloodlinees ar use the trouble. The first chapter introduces the Y2K issues. Chapter 2 pass on define how this affects the different short letteres and G e genuinelywherenment agencies. Chapter 3 get away develop an over entirely political platform on how to attack the problem and testimonys.The major(ip)ity of this paper entrust develop a plan on how each of the ancestryes and governing agencies should attack the Y2K problems. there should be a reasonable approach to planning how to investigate, test, vali attend, and if required, develop a contingency plan for Y2K. The trouble is to both form a team of military force or demand a consulting firm to assess your situation. The team should employ the following stairs assess the dodge, renovate the system if necessary, vali visualise the return if necessary, implem ent the service if necessary, test the renovation if necessary, and finally have a contingency plan in the razet that renovating the system is non feasible and/or is similarly late. The only necessary or required action is to assess the system. This will be treated in detail in my paper.The real issue is that slight than a class remains before the twelvemonth 2000 problems atomic number 18 here. The recommendation is to begin working this issue now. It may be too late, save that is when the contingency plan comes in handy.2. What impacts be theyre to political science, Industry, and Small Business?3. What put up judicature, Industry, and Small Business Do to Combat the Y2K Issues?There argon actually more interprets than just the year 2000 image. There atomic number 18 projects that fucking impact the bouncing year algorithmic programs Julian dates, financial year dates, calendar dates, and ASCII cipher dates.The top dates that acquire to be checked are1. 9 Sept ember 1999. This date quite a little be read in code as 9999. In computing machine language, specifically ASCII code, this translates into a request for the processor to stop processing.2. 1 October 1999. This is the start of the new Fiscal year for the Government (FY00). The algorithm for this may non be able to go from FY99 to FY00.3. 31 December 1999. At midnight, the date straddles over to 1 January 2000. This problem can live on in two areas. The first is in the BIOSs that endure for most desktop machines. The BIOSs normally contain the clock and date data. The operator updates this data, when the system is first turned on and is continuously updated by the calculating machine from therefore on.The problem is that older translations of BIO software recorded the date in two year digits (99, instead of 1999) so that once the date rolls into the year 2000, the BIOSs can not understand the rolling of the year and moves it back to 14 Jan 80, the default year date. The dif ferent problem is in the application software that uses the two-year date. The application software uses algorithms to roll over the dates and can not roll to the year 2000 date. It normally has to be manually input to get to the new date.4. 28 February 2000. At midnight, the date should roll over to 29 February 2000. This is jogd in the software by an algorithm that checks to see if the current year is a leap year. If it is a leap year thus it should roll to 29 February 2000, if it can not determine the leap year, then it will jump to 1 March 2000.5. 29 February 2000. This is almost the comparable problem as 28 February 2000. It will try to calculate the fact it is a leap year and roll the date to 1 March 2000. If it can not determine that it is the leap year, it will either go to 2 March 2000 or it will rear an incorrect date.There are some(prenominal) other dates that are important, establish on each application software package, and needs. Examples are, a bank computer uses COBOL software that does not calculate the dates well, FORTRAN software employ in scientific re attend does not do dates well, and older versions of Microsoft software employ the two-year digit dates.The different application software packages that are available for computers are beginning to state the year 2000 problem in the next modification and/or update. The problems that are being encountered are that the updates may not be compatible with the data that goes with the application software. An use is that Microsoft glide slope 2.0 is not year 2000 compliant. To upgrade to a compliant version, the original data associated with Access 2.0 will not run on the upgrade version. In addition, the upgrade Access will not operate on the old versions of Microsoft Windows. Therefore, additional problems are beginning to come into focus with the year 2000 issue.Another issue is all the databases that are used. Relational databases use date fields as character of wildcard actions, us ed as sorting identification, as grouping actions, and as sever of daily identification. Some specific examples are simple databases, such as the window explorer allow you to view and sort files in a date/time field. If this date field were only two digits, then it would incorrectly sort the files (year 00 would be first rather than last). Another example is a large database that is used to match names with addresses and billing statements. This database would need to flag dates with the billing statements. If the dates were incorrect or not sorted correctly, then the billing statements would be invalidated.As discussed, there are some(prenominal) issues when dealings with Y2K. These issues have a direct impact on both Government and Industry.What impacts are theyre to Government, Industry, and Small Business?There are several impacts to Government, Industry, and Small Business. Dates that can impact the leap year algorithms Julian dates, fiscal year dates, calendar dates, and AS CII code dates. These dates were discussed in chapter 1. Now we will discuss the ramifications to the new dates.For the Government, the dates will have a major impact cross(a)wise the board. Every Government agency, from Federal to City, will be impacted. The Federal Government uses computers on a daily basis and without them, the Federal Government would not be able to operate. Some specific examples are in the incision of Commerce, De jumpment of disaffirmation, and the Department of Justice. The Department of Commerce utilizes computers to run the National pelagic Atmospheric Association (NOAA) systems that are used to chase Hurricanes.The problem is that several of the computers are used to log different data and use date/time stamping with that data. This data is later analyzed to try and map hurricanes for the future. If the Y2K issues are not resolved, important data will be lost. The Department of Defense also uses computers to a very large extent. This is especially tru e for the defense team large complex machinery used to defend the country. There are very few parts of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines that do not use computers. Computers are the backb champion to DOD and without them, there is a real fear that our arm forces would not be able to defend this country.The Department of Justice has an even worse problem. They are charged with keeping track of criminals and federal indictments across the country. Because of the complexity of the laws, if the computers used to keep track of indictments and criminal records are not Y2K compliant, then the Justice system could have criminals cleared of any revile doing because of a simple date issue. It is well known that if the date or address were wrong on an indictment or a search warrant, anything found because of the indictment or warrant would not be used in court.Industry has the same basic problems that the Government would have. They rely on computers in almost every aspect of the logic al argument. From robotic assembly lines to employee payroll, all of attention relies on the computer to run its day to day operation. The problem that both attention and Government have is that there was no contingency to the Y2K issue. both(prenominal) industry and Government have several respite systems. An example is that major banks will have the main frame computer in one location and a hot documentation in a all different location. Take Nations Bank. Nations Bank may have its primary central processing unit computer, for all its checking accounts, here in town.There is a hot backup (a hot backup is a main frame computer that records the same exact information that the mainframe computer is recording, but it does not cargo hold any transactions, just records the information) that is located in a different part of the country, say Colorado. In this way, if a major hurricane were to devastate Tampa, the hot backup would come on line take over the responsibility of the mai nframe. In this way, vital information would not be lost. This was all thought out years before, but not Y2K. Y2K would impact both mainframes (the primary and the backup) and all the data would be corrupted.The problem with refined business is that it relies on the computer to do many of its tasks that employees used to do. In small business, people were employed to handle payroll, marketing, lieu management, files, record keeping, and profit/loss ledgers. These people were replaced with the approach of the computer. Now any small business could operate without minimal employees. The office manager could now handle payroll, marketing, files, records, and ledgers right on the computer. The computer became the key out piece of equipment for the small business. Without the computer, small businesses could not stay in operation. calculate at a small business that provides hearing aids to the normal public. Besides the payroll, this small business will keep all its customers accoun ts in a simple database. This database will be used to notify the business when the hearing aid needs servicing, additional hearing tests should be through with(p), backup man batteries, and payment schedules. This is just the tip of the database. The database would also be used to displace out flyers on new technology, discounts, and will serve as the business mailing lists. Without this computer, the small business would need to hire additional personnel and return to paper and pencil to operate.What can Government, Industry, and Small Business Do to Combat the Y2K Issues?For both Government and Industry, it will not be a problem to combat Y2K. There is work already being done to correct the problems. Both agencies, through consulting agencies and internal working groups, have essential a series of plans to combat the Y2K issue. The standard procedure is to first do an inventory and assessment on the agency. After the assessment is done, a renovation plan is developed to renov ate the different systems.After renovation is completed, the system is placed into the validation phase, where it is tested using the different Y2K dates to go out that no problems are encountered. After the testing is completed and the validation is verified, then the carrying into action phase is started. The implementation phase is to implement the system into action, and begin reflection the system during the actual crossover dates.The cost to perform all of the plans and phases are mellow. On most major DOD systems, the cost ranges from $100 thousand to over $5 Million. For industry, their be are about the same. It does not issuing if the agency does it internally or hires consultants to perform the work. The costs are normally high. These costs are absorbed in industry and/or in the Government by the consumer and/or taxpayer. Industry will pass the costs to the consumer by increasing its price on the product. The Government will either increase taxes or modify the budge t to get the necessary funds to ensure Y2K compliance.The real problem lies with small business. The plans and phases that were developed by industry and Government must also be accomplished by small business. The problem is that small business does not have the money to cast on the Y2K issue. Small businesses do not have the overhead or capital to afford to test its systems and ensure that Y2K problems do not exist in its machine. Since most small businesses do not rely on consultants and do not have a computer expert on the payroll, then small businesses must rely on the software companies to ensure that the computer is Y2K compliant.Since they do not have the funds to try and lay down their systems Y2K compliant, then the small business must rely on Macintosh, Microsoft, and other large software companies to ensure that the software is compliant. This becomes a real issue for the small business. The major software companies have problems with ensuring that the software they ar e selling is Y2K compliant. An example is that Microsoft Windows 98 may be compliant, as far as the Y2K issue is concerned. But any other application software that is used with Windows 98 may not be compliant, making the system non-compliant.Microsoft can not be held responsible for other software packages built by other software companies. In addition, most software companies will not support older versions of its software. An example is that Microsoft will not support Windows version 3.1. This is based on the availability of newer versions of Windows being available to the consumer. So where does this retire from the small business? The small business is in a weak situation.The recommendation for small business is to work through the chamber of trading and pool the resources that each small business has to get the support it needs. There is Federal and Local assistance available to help small business ensure that the Y2K issue is resolved prior to the actual dates. The real pr oblem is that if the small business does not recognize that it has a problem, then it will not work to fix the Y2K issue in time. By combination their resources and working with the local chambers, a network of consultants could work together to fix the problem before the actual Y2K dates have come.The only other plectrum would be to spend the money to go through the same plans and phases that the Government and Industry goes through to fix the Y2K issue. This cost would be too high for small business.The final option would be for the small business to cross his fingers and hope for the best. This would be the last option for the businessperson to work with.