Herman Melville Essays (1689 words) - Moby-Dick, Herman Melville

Herman Melville Herman Melville: An anti- transcendentalist or not Melville, Herman (1819-91), American novelist, a major literary figure whose exploration of psychological and metaphysical themes foreshadowed 20th-century literary concerns but whose works remained in obscurity until the 1920s, when his genius was finally recognized. Melville was born August 1, 1819, in New York City, into a family that had declined in the world. ?The Gansevoorts were solid, stable, eminent, prosperous people; the (Herman's Father's side) Melvilles were somewhat less successful materially, possessing an unpredictable. erratic, mercurial strain.? (Edinger 6). This difference between the Melville's and Gansevoorts was the beginning of the trouble for the Melville family. Herman's mother tried to work her way up the social ladder by moving into bigger and better homes. While borrowing money from the bank, her husband was spending more than he was earning. ?It is my conclusion that Maria Melville never committed herself emotionally to her husband, but remained primarily attached to the well off Gansevoort family.? (Humford 23) Allan Melville was also attached financially to the Gansevoorts for support. There is a lot of evidence concerning Melville's relation to his mother Maria Melville. ?Apparently the older son Gansevoort who carr ied the mother's maiden name was distinctly her favorite.? (Edinger 7) This was a sense of alienation the Herman Melville felt from his mother. This was one of the first symbolists to the Biblical Ishamel. In 1837 he shipped to Liverpool as a cabin boy. Upon returning to the U.S. he taught school and then sailed for the South Seas in 1841 on the whaler Acushnet. After an 18 month voyage he deserted the ship in the Marquesas Islands and with a companion lived for a month among the natives, who were cannibals. He escaped aboard an Australian trader, leaving it at Papeete, Tahiti, where he was imprisoned temporarily. He worked as a field laborer and then shipped to Honolulu, Hawaii, where in 1843 he enlisted as a seaman on the U.S. Navy frigate United States. After his discharge in 1844 he began to create novels out of his experiences and to take part in the literary life of Boston and New York City. Melville's first five novels all achieved quick popularity. Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life (1846), Omoo, a Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847), and Mardi (1849) were romances of the South Sea islands. Redburn, His First Voyage (1849) was based on his own first trip to sea, and White-Jacket, or the World in a Man-of-War (1850) fictionalized his experiences in the navy. In 1850 Melville moved to a farm near Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he became an intimate friend of Nathaniel Hawthorne, to whom he dedicated his masterpiece Moby-Dick; or The White Whale (1851). The central theme of the novel is the conflict between Captain Ahab, master of the whaler Pequod, and Moby-Dick, a great white whale that once tore off one of Ahab's legs at the knee. Ahab is dedicated to revenge; he drives himself and his crew, which includes Ishmael, narrator of the story, over the seas in a desperate search for his enemy. The body of the book is written in a wholly original, powerful narrative style, which, in certain sections of the work, Melville varied with great success. The most impressive of these sections are the rhetorically magnificent sermon delivered before sailing and the soliloquies of the mates; lengthy ?flats,? passages conveying nonnarrative material, usually of a technical nature, such as the chapter about whales; and the more purely ornamental passages, such as the tale of the Tally-Ho, which can stand by themselves as short stories of merit. The work is invested with Ishmael's sense of profound wonder at his story, but nonetheless conveys full a wareness that Ahab's quest can have but one end. And so it proves to be: Moby-Dick destroys the Pequod and all its crew save Ishmael. There is a certain streak of the supernatural being projected in the writings of Melville, as is amply obvious in Moby Dick. The story revolves around the idea of an awesome sea mammal, which drives the passions of revenge in one man and forces him to pursue a course of action which leads ultimately to his death as

How can leaders encourage the essays

How can leaders encourage the essays I believe if people want to achieve something, then they have to change something. The change is the crucial fact that can help extremely well to achieve something they desire. Many customers want better or advanced products from the companies. And it is all up to leaders to finally decide whether they will go for it or not. However, the leader cant decide himself without asking other related workers, because they will be unsatisfied about the indignity. So, in order to persuade the workers, the leader should take some steps. First, the leader can explain the situation to the workers. It is very important to let them be aware of what the head of company is doing right now. And if the leader can explain the situation with a persuasive way, then the workers can concede the new changes. Before the leader asks or coerce the workers to follow his way, first, the leader has to respect the workers who are doing all the crucial labor works in the company. The leaders should gradually continue on their changes. If the leaders make the decision and action too early or too impetuous, the workers will be confused about their tasks. They should need time to accommodate the companys new idea. And if the customers reaction is very well off, the workers efficiency will wax. The leaders should be always prepared to any sudden plight that may hurt the progress of the business. They always have to prepare a method to breach, to survive, and to succeed in their new business strategy. For an example of KFC or Mc Donald, they would probably have done a kind of advertisements for chicken flue. They may protect themselves, like We, XXXX, cook the chickens in 70~80 Celsius to kill the chicken flue, and we imports the chickens from an area where is safe from its disease. As you can see, the leaders job is very important and their decision can lead the company to two polarized way, either success or failure. ...

Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research - Essay Example As Meyer (2003) describes it ‘realities exist in any given situation, that is, the researcher’s, those of the individuals being investigated, and the reader or audience interpreting the results; these multiple perspectives, or voices, of informants (i.e., subjects) are included in the study. The research puts in perspective these people who would greatly influence the kind of data to be collected and submitted (Monroe, 2004). In addition, reality is socially constructed with the data being gathered from a multitude of people, primacy of subject matter; the research is geared towards knowing what factors underlie in a certain context, variables are complex, interwoven, and difficult to measure (Given & Lisa, 2008). This brings in the presentation of data in words to explain the terms which cannot be exploited by statistical methods.  Further, it has been noted that the researcher interacts with those he studies and actively works to minimize the distance between the res earcher and those being researched (Miles & Huberman, 1994). As further stated by Lee (1998) cannot be exploited by statistical methods ‘researchers typically become members of a culture, group, or setting, and adopt roles to conform to that setting. In doing so, the aim is for the researcher to gain a closer insight into the culture's practices, motivations and emotions’. This enables the researcher to get the first hand information and in order to enable the researcher to gain and present the actual non distorted information.... Moreover, Edward & Richard (1979) explain further that, ‘qualitative research emphasizes the importance of looking at variables in the natural setting in which they are found. Interaction between variables is important’. This explains that qualitative research is based on words representing the data collected. As Meyer (2003) describes it ‘realities exist in any given situation, that is, the researcher’s, those of the individuals being investigated, and the reader or audience interpreting the results; these multiple perspectives, or voices, of informants (i.e., subjects) are included in the study. The research puts in perspective these people who would greatly influence the kind of data to be collected and submitted (Monroe, 2004). In addition, reality is socially constructed with the data being gathered from a multitude of people, primacy of subject matter; the research is geared towards knowing what factors underlie in a certain context, variables are comp lex, interwoven, and difficult to measure (Given & Lisa, 2008). This brings in the presentation of data in words to explain the terms which cannot be exploited by statistical methods. Further, it has been noted that the researcher interacts with those he studies and actively works to minimize the distance between the researcher and those being researched (Miles & Huberman, 1994). As further stated by Lee (1998) ‘researchers typically become members of a culture, group, or setting, and adopt roles to conform to that setting. In doing so, the aim is for the researcher to gain a closer insight into the culture's practices, motivations and emotions’. This enables the

Supply Manager are making a difference in todays global markets Article

Supply Manager are making a difference in todays global markets - Article Example Zapko, there are several important strategies of modern day supply chain management (Handfield, 2013). One of the strategies is to ensure the timely global procurement of materials and products needed to complete the production deadlines. To achieve this goal, Zapko reassigns and assigns individuals in certain slots along the supply chain management process, attracting the best talents to work for Lenovo to achieve the critical demands of the Lenovo global supply chain. For each important step in Lenovo’s global supply chain process, individuals (including graduate students) who can deliver the required quotas are hired. For those who cannot meet expectations, line and staff employees must prioritize the successful implementation of their individual tasks and responsibilities within the global supply chain strategy. The preparation and implementation of supply chain-based contracts will increase compliance with previously established global supply chain benchmarks. Further, the success of the global supply chain is grounded on the cooperation and coordination of the different parties. One of the parties is the manufacturer. The manufacturer acquires raw materials from the suppliers. The manufacturer uses the supplies to produce its completed or finished goods. Another party is the global customer. The goods are then sold to the manufacturers’ global customers. A delay in the delivery of the suppliers delays the manufacturers’ production output. The delay in the manufacturers’ outputs triggers the corresponding delays in the customers’ purchases. The manufacturers or sellers must ensure the customers will be able to find their required product and service demands on time. Consequently, the products must reach the store shelves before the store shelves are empty. The stores and manufacturers must ensure products are reordered to prevent stock outs, or empty store shelves. The twice stage model ensures customers will

The literary of Philip Sidney Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The literary of Philip Sidney - Research Paper Example He was also able to get a university education: something that was only available to a few individual of his time and this inspired his appreciation of literary work. His work was not restricted to writing alone. Sidney was a very ambitious man and sought to have an impact in the political arena that often got him in trouble with the queen. For instance, he protested openly against the marriage of between a catholic duke and Queen Elizabeth (Duncan-Jones, 21). This led to him being banished from Queen Elizabeth’s Court. He now retired to his family estate at Wilton. Politics was the main theme in the Lady of May. It was written in 1578, while Queen Elizabeth was in a dilemma of accepting or refusing the marriage proposal of the Duke of Alencon. She was invited by the Earl of Leicester to his mansion, the Queen accepted the invitation, and stayed several days at the luxurious mansion where Sir Philip Sidney then presented and performed the play, The Lady of May was written for the occasion and for the entertainment of the queen. This writing might be called persuasive and political, because it was designed to win the favor of the queen and to influence political affairs. The Lady of May indicates the literary tradition of pastoral style of writing. Pastoral is a literary style or type of writing that shows the conventional image of rural life. Pastoral literatures are written from the point of view of rural characters, especially of shepherds. In some way, concerns in pastoral works are the tensions between nature and art, and the actual and the mythical. English Renaissance pastoral has traditional roots, nevertheless, it contains distinctly contemporary English foundations, including humanism, sentimentality, depictions of court reality, an anxiety of with real life and the use of sardonic and comedy. One cannot ignore the influence that her mother had on Sidney literary work. This

Evidence Based Screening Case Study

Evidence Based Screening Case Study Christopher Mason Clinical scenario Miss. J, (not the patient’s real title or Initial), is a 37-year old female who was recently admitted to the hospital for chronic fatigue leading to exhaustion. As a career she says, â€Å"I am a professional writer and aspiring actress.† She lives alone on the Westside of Los Angeles in a one bedroom apartment. During our conversation she disclosed that after a five year period of not smoking; she has begun smoking again. Miss. J says that the stresses that come with her career path as an actress and writer along with the people involved in the same has most likely caused her to do so. Miss. J denies any illicit drug use but does occasionally use alcohol as a stress reducer. As far as she knows no one in her family has died from or developed any type of cancer. Her father passed away from Acute Myocardial Infarction and was a type 1 diabetic. Her mother has steroid induced type 2 diabetes. Miss. J says, â€Å"I have managed to avoid both. So far.† Identification of the Evidence Based Guideline Based on the interaction with Miss. J, several risk factors became apparent and they include a family history of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Even with type 2 diabetes having a strong familial association her mother’s was induced by steroids rather than being genetic. The other risk factor that I identified was the smoking of cigarettes and casual use of alcohol as a stress reducer. This places her at an increased risk for use of other illicit drugs, driving accidents, lung cancer, COPD, and high blood pressure, as well as other smoking related diseases. Reason for Selecting Guideline Based on the United States Preventive Services Task Force (U. S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2010), being screened for high blood pressure is recommended as an â€Å"A† level screening. The current level defining hypertension in adults is equal to or greater than 140 for systolic and equal to or greater than 90 for diastolic. Based on variability between separate readings, it is recommended to obtain greater than 2 readings on different visits over several weeks to diagnose hypertension. (p. 35) Barriers and Facilitators for Client Miss. J has only one barrier that I could pinpoint to following up with the screening. Her fatigue. She told me that sometimes she misses appointments because she is too exhausted to drive to them. She agreed that she would make an appointment with her personal physician after being released from the hospital to be screened for hypertension. Adding that she just hoped that she would be able to make the appointments. One of the facilitators that allowed me to participate in a conversation with Miss. J concerning her hypertension was her stating to me that she wished she could have a smoke. That along with her being a captive audience in the hospital. No one had been to visit with her that I had seen, so I assumed and was correct that she would like to chat. Receptivity of Client Miss. J was receptive to the screenings I have listed below. She stated to me that she had recently had a pap smear and tested negative for abnormal cervical cells and HPV. Being asked about the Chlamydia screening because of being sexually active; she said it was something she was interested in receiving more information about. Evidence Based Screening Guidelines Pertinent to Patient Type Clinical Considerations and Currency Situation Cervical Cancer Women 21 to 65 (Pap smear) every 3 years or, for women age 30 to 65 years who want to lengthen the screening interval, screening with a combination of cytology and HPV testing every 5 years. Grade A+ Recommended. (Screening for Cervical Cancer, 2014). Yes, she is current. Chlamydia All sexually active non-pregnant young women aged 24 and younger and for older non-pregnant women who are at increased risk. Grade A+ Recommended. (Section 2. Recommendations for Adults (continued) | Agency for Healthcare Research Quality (AHRQ)#Chlamydia, 2014) No, she is not current. Folic Acid All women planning or capable of pregnancy take a daily supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400 to 800  µg) of folic acid. Grade A+ Recommended. (Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects, 2014) Yes, she takes daily supplement. HIV Adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk should also be screened. Grade A+ Recommended. (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Final Recommendation Statement, 2014) Yes, she is current. Tobacco Use This recommendation applies to adults 18 years or older and all pregnant women regardless of age. The USPSTF plans to issue a separate recommendation statement about counseling to prevent tobacco use in non-pregnant adolescents and children. Grade A+ Recommended. (Counseling and Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Caused Disease in Adults and Pregnant Women: Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement, April 2009) Yes, she has been instructed and understands she should quit. Healthcare Provider Barriers I am performing my clinical rotation at Cedars Sinai in Beverly Hills. They do not allow us to use electronics in or around the patients/clients. After explaining to my clinical liaison about our subject and assignment we were cleared to use the program as long as we did it outside of the patient’s rooms. This was limiting but not considered a complete barrier. Confidence in Providing Evidence Based Screening Guidelines This assignment made me feel uncomfortable at first. I realized that I would be asking some very personal questions to a patient that I did not know. However, it did allow me the chance to become familiar with the AHRQ evidence based guidelines application on the android market. Also, it allowed me to help my patient to learn more about the screenings that she should have based on her lifestyle. References Counseling and Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Caused Disease in Adults and Pregnant Women: Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement. (April 2009). from http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf09/tobacco/tobaccors2.htm Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects. (2014). from http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsnrfol.htm Screening for Cervical Cancer. (2014). from http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspscerv.htm Section 2. Recommendations for Adults (continued) | Agency for Healthcare Research Quality (AHRQ)#Chlamydia. (2014). from http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/guidelines-recommendations/guide/section2a.html#tiptop U. S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2010). The guide to clinical preventive services, 2010-2011: recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. [Rockville, Md.]: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Final Recommendation Statement. (2014). from http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf13/hiv/hivfinalrs.htm

How Do “an Unearthly Child” and “Rose” Introduce the Doctor Who Concept Essay

Doctor Who was designed by Sydney Newman, the director of the BBC in 1963, who was faced with a dilemma. He was to produce a program for the family audience, which could be played between a sports programme, Grandstand, and a teen pop music programme, Jukebox Jury. Newman wanted the programme to entertain and educate people at the same time, in the ways of science and history. Newman, himself an adamant science-fiction fan, came up with the idea of a man, whom the people know little of, who travels around the cosmos in his 1960’s blue police box, his TARDIS. However, he needed some way to get the information from the Doctor to the public. Thus he created the companion, a normal person who accompanies the Doctor on his travels. He would introduce them in the first episodes, such as â€Å"Rose† and â€Å"An Unearthly Child†. 60’s audiences needed a programme that was not only entertaining, but also educational, since the whole family was to watch it. It also had to be appropriate for children to watch. Many families complained that the show was too frightening and gory. In fact, interest declined greatly if the Daleks did not feature in an episode. However, towards the late 1980s, interest bottomed out completely. The director of the programme at the time decided to take it off air. In 2005, we wanted shows that could make us ask questions, gave us an adrenaline rush or related to real life. Our expectations of television shows, especially in science-fiction and film, have risen with the new technology and special effects that can be used in a programme or film. Therefore, â€Å"Rose† uses special effects One of the show’s producer’s commented that she thought that the show may be too gory or frightening for the younger generation. The theme music was also a cause of complaint, as one mother said, â€Å"The theme music alone frightens my son†. A report showed that 3% of a surveyed audience found the show unsuitable for â€Å"family viewing†, because of the violent and frightening content. The show Doctor Who was a programme designed to educate families about space, science and history. However, nowadays, a typical family would not watch this together unless most or all of the children were teenage or grown up. We expect that a science-fiction programme should be dynamic, violent and exciting, because we want to have something to be scared of. It has, in recent times, leant over to the special effects and entertainment side of programmes in general, we do not expect a science-fiction programme to be educational as well as entertaining, and we feel that we only need documentaries for educating people. Doctor Who has merely become a source of entertainment. Rose, in â€Å"Rose†, is a blonde savvy East Londoner, speaks with a typical East-London accent and is a tough, here-and-now girl. Susan, in â€Å"An Unearthly Child† is a strange girl, seems to be the age of a secondary school girl, but with a much higher IQ and much more intelligent. We need the companions to ask questions, to help the public learn about the Doctor. There have always been no more than 3 companions at one time who travel with the Doctor. In â€Å"An Unearthly Child†, the first aired episode of Doctor Who, the Doctor traps 2 teachers in the TARDIS and takes them to the planet of the Daleks with his â€Å"grand-daughter†, Susan. Susan is around 16 years old. She seems to be the perfect student, according to the conversation which science teacher, Ian, who is worried that she may be too intelligent, and who is worried about his own intelligence has with Barbara, Susan’s history teacher, who is worried about her home life. The conversation is mixed with flashbacks of Susan in class, showing a more superior knowledge than her classmates. She has a high breathy voice, as was expected in actresses in the 1960s, and a 60s-style haircut, although it is very severely cut. These are the first clues that Susan is truly and â€Å"unearthly child†. When Barbara voices her worries, we are told that Susan has explained that she lives at a certain address. However, when Barbara visits to drop off a book that Susan has requested, there seems to be no legitimate address; it is a dump site, and when Barbara asks about Susan’s grandfather, Susan says that he prefers not to see people, although she mentions that he is a doctor. This plants the first seeds of doubt in the viewers’ minds, because although the flashbacks were strange, they could have just been referring to Susan as an overly intelligent child who doesn’t quite fit in with school life. We think that surely such an intelligent girl cannot live in a dump with only her grandfather. It also brings the viewers to worries such as, Is the grandfather a criminal, hiding away like that? and Is Susan really safe, living with such an old man?. We begin to think with the history teacher. When the teachers decide to go see Susan in a classroom, we have already learnt many of her qualities. The scene cuts to a shot of Susan in a classroom by herself. She is holding a small handheld music device to her ear and she is dancing to it. However, her dancing is not the typical 1960s dancing you would expect – it is very smooth and flowing, not something the audiences would expect from a teenager in 1963. The dancing makes her seem as if she has never heard the music before. This is another sign to show she is not really â€Å"from this world†. When the teachers ask her whether she would like a lift home (for it is dark), she declines the offer, saying that she likes the dark, â€Å"it’s mysterious†. She is also lent a book by Barbara, which appears to be one she has asked for. It is about the French Revolution. When scene ends, the shot is of Susan sitting on the table, holding the book and saying, â€Å"That’s not right! †. This almost seems as if she knows better, that she may have been there. This is the first proper hint of the fact that Susan is a time traveller. The previous hints may have shown that Susan was an odd child, that she had an active imagination. In â€Å"Rose†, we are introduced to Rose when she is finishing her shift at a department store. This shows that she is short of money, and implies that she did not receive a good education, because of the simple idea that uneducated people get jobs in Boots and Tescos. We cut to several shots from different angles within the space of a few seconds, as if to show the hectic speed that her life is played out at. This effect has been used because today, we are all familiar with Music has always played a key feature in television programmes, especially in dynamic and exciting shows like Doctor Who. For example, in â€Å"An Unearthly Child†, not much music is played, because much of the programme is conversation. The music that was played was spooky music, designed to scare the listener. It was mostly orchestrated, although some was edited with the â€Å"latest† 1960s equipment and technology. If the modern audience heard it today, they would think it is old-fashioned and outdated, because the music we hear today has a stronger beat and is we use more electronics to edit it. The props used in both â€Å"Rose† and â€Å"An Unearthly Child† have been synonymous to their times. The props used in the school scene of â€Å"An Unearthly Child† are only normal school desks and chairs. In the dump scene, outside the TARDIS, the dump is filled with typical things you would expect to find in a dump then. These props were well within budget, and because there were no stunts involving those scenes, the producers did not have to continuously pay money to have replacements built. This therefore, was cost effective. However, in â€Å"Rose†, to get the shots right when the department store blows up, the BBC had to pay for various things including safety screens for the cameras, insurance if the pyrotechnics went wrong, explosives and models for repeated shots. This however, was not too much of a problem, as the more modern episode had a bigger budget to account for the modern audience’s tastes – action, adrenaline, mystery and adventure. The camera shots also had to be cost effective, meaning that the ways in which both episodes were filmed both had to be appropriate and as accurate as possible. In â€Å"An Unearthly Child†, people were not used to people getting hurt on screen or otherwise. The budget and the technology could not stretch to the limits that we possibly might expect today. For example, the only major â€Å"stunt† scene is when the TARDIS starts up and Ian falls over. This effect was achieved by shaking the camera about while the actors fell about on set. This effect is laughable when watched today, but the 1960’s audience will have been filled with concern. Nowadays, the effect is achieved with a moving floor and a shaking camera. The shots in â€Å"An Unearthly Child† were produced by a camera which could not be zoomed in. This meant that between close-ups, the camera had to be moved. This was obviously time-consuming. The shot where the camera is moving around the TARDIS is achieved by placing the camera on a moving platform on rails or wheels. This is then moved while the camera is filming. Nowadays, we can pre-set the movements of the camera with a computer. In â€Å"Rose†, many computer generated effects were used to bring a sense of something that could not be created by man. For example, the Nestene Consciousness was a CGI effect. The effect had to be backed up by sound. The sounds that were needed were computer generated also, because the effect could not be achieved through instrumental music. . The actor Christopher Eccleston actually had to talk to a blank area on the ground while filming. Today the effects have moved on even more, and we can simply use greenscreen to solve the problem. The older episode, â€Å"An Unearthly Child† obviously could not have achieved these effects, as the technology to design them had not been created yet. As a viewer, I prefer the episode â€Å"Rose†, because the effects used in it created a sense of what the modern viewer wants – action, adrenaline, mystery and adventure. It is also longer, providing more entertainment for a longer period of time. This meant that the producer could cram a lot of information and adventure into one episode. The plot is more intriguing because the effects can be created by computer and other technology, not just physical objects.

Marketing Report – Baskin-Robbins

The purpose of this report is to investigate the possible approach of a new market segment with a new offer by the American ice cream manufacturer Baskin-Robbins. 1. 2. Scope The report will refer both to the characteristics of the targeted market segment, as well as to the features of the new product that will make him accepted by the target clients.1. 3. Methodology Secondary research was used in order to build the information base necessary for the development of the present report. Various academic studies, newspaper articles, company reports and websites have been explored.In order to develop the marketing proposal, both analysis of available information, as well as creative use of observed market patterns were the other methods used in writing the paper. 1. 4. Limitations Due to limited access to well developed ice cream market studies (that might amount up to $3000) the information used as base for analysis on are rather basic. Also, the present report is limited by its word c ount of +/-2200 and is written individually. 1. 5. Assumptions It is assumed that the information found during secondary research is accurate. 1. 6. BackgroundThe present report will firstly focus on defining the targeted market segment and motivating why it should be taken into consideration. Following, the characteristics of the new product will be presented and recommendations on its introduction on the market will be given. The 4P marketing model is used in constructing the image of the new product. 2. NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 2. 1. Market segment characteristics Ice cream is a product that makes no discrimination. Everybody loves it and it can be found in more than 93% of American households (Geisler, p. 1).Historically, ice cream’s constant consumers are children, and for years they have been the main target of manufacturers (Barrette, p. 1). Households with children sum up to 34% of total ice cream consumption, as compared to the lower 20% level reached by the household without children consumption. Nevertheless, U. S. Census Bureau predicts a declining trend in youth population for the next years, which will make producers upgrade their strategies in order to start reaching more intensively the adult consumers. There are different patterns of ice cream consumption between children and adults.As commented by Marty Hogan, director of brand management, Ben & Jerry’s Homemade Inc. , South Burlington, Vt. , â€Å"parents know that children will be perfectly satisfied with a big gallon tub of air-whipped ice cream, but mom and dad are also sneaking that Ben & Jerry’s [premium and super-premium ice cream] and putting it in the back of the freezer for themselves†. Laura Hindulak, director of marketing with Pierre’s French Ice Cream Co. , Cleveland, Ohio, seems to agree with the same statement, when she ads that â€Å"the majority of [adult] consumers are looking for truly rich and indulgent premium and super premium ice cream s.[†¦] When the choice is for full-fat, regular ice cream, consumers are willing to forgo calorie-counting and enjoy the rich, great taste that the higher butterfat flavors offer† (Cook, p. 1-2). The American ice-cream market knew sales of slightly more than $21. 6 Billion in 2005 and it is forecasted to reach about $24 Billion by 2008, after it knew a 24% growth between 1998 and 2003 (Rea, p. 1). The ice cream market is led mainly by four manufacturers, summing a little over 40% of its sales. These companies are: Unilever, Ice Cream Partners USA, Dreyers Ice Cream and Blue Bell Creameries.About 18% of sales are represented by the private label products, regional and local companies summing up to the remaining 40% of sales. (Geisler, p. 2) Divided by states, California leads the way in ice cream and frozen dessert production, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Texas, Ohio, New York and Minnesota being the other leading producing states. (Geisler, p. 2) The target market segment chous ed in this paper is represented by the Hispanic young adult population, especially between 21 and 35 years. The choice of this specific segment is due to some very important demographic and consumption data:— As of July 1, 2005, the population of Hispanics within the USA is estimated at 42. 7 million (US. Census Bureau), meaning an important market in possible consumers, that is already taken seriously into account by American producers. — Hispanics are also the fastest-growing minority group in the U. S. Between July 1, 2004 and July 1, 2005 a 3. 3% growth rate has been registered within the Hispanic population by the US. Census Bureau. This offers a sure future distribution market for the products created especially to respond to their needs.— Siboney USA, a New York-based advertising agency comments that about 70% of the entire American Hispanic population resides in six states. This can make the task of better targeting and reaching the segment a lot easier. The graph hereby presents this division of Hispanics into states. — Median age of Hispanics was 27. 2 years vs. 36. 2 years for the population as a whole in 2005 (US Census Bureau), meaning: a young population opened to new products and ideas. — Hispanics tend to consume more soft ice cream compared to the other non-Hispanics: 44 vs.37% (Banerjee A, p. 1), meaning that the rate of per capita ice cream consumption within Hispanic population is higher than for non-Hispanics. Consequently, if a product will respond to the needs of this category, it would register higher sales volumes than one that would respond to the needs of non-Hispanic population. — Hispanics tend to prefer Latino flavors: as commented by Haagen-Dazs General Manager of company’s Minneapolis location, Dawn Uremovich, the â€Å"Dulce de leche† flavor is the second most popular of the company, after vanilla.â€Å"This came from our South American market, where dulce de leche is a p opular dessert† he comments. (Hall, p. 1). This might be just the needed precedent showing that products that bring that homely feeling to the Latino population, register higher sales volume within it. 2. 2. The new product 2. 2. 1. Product Based on the demographic and consumption related information presented above, we will recommend the development and introduction on the market of a Hispanic flavored ice cream – â€Å"Sabor latino†, that will for sure interest its target segment: ice cream containing a center of Latin-traditional alcohol.The ice cream base should be vanilla or chocolate – as they continue to be the two most sold flavors in the USA (Phillips, p. 1) – already flavored with the specific alcohol. Taking into consideration the most important origins of Hispanics, drinks from their respective countries should be taken into consideration: tequila (directed especially to the Mexican origin population that sums up to 64% of total Hispanic origin population in the US – see Graph above), and rum (mainly for the Puerto Rican and Cuban population).Depending on how well received by the market the product will prove to be, future flavors like Brazilian Caipirinha and Cuban Mojito might enter on the market. 2. 2. 2. Promotion Studies show that product names and advertising in Spanish are more appealing to the Hispanic population (Accetta Smith, p. 1-2). This is also the motivation for choosing the name of the brand â€Å"Sabor latino† – â€Å"Latin flavor† that would come (at least at the beginning) with the two options – tequila and rum.The regular channels of promotions should be used, with a higher focus on the regions highly inhabited by Hispanics. As well, advertising, television, in-store point-of-purchase displays should be at least bilingual. Studies show also that Hispanic TV seems to be â€Å"twice as effective and three times more efficient than general market TV at driving Hi spanic sales† (Accetta Smith, p. 1). Therefore, a focus should be established on TV promotion within Hispanic TV channels. 2. 2. 3. PriceAccordingly to US Census Bureau and own analysis, median earnings of full-time, year-round Hispanic workers was lower than for non-Hispanic workers (about 40% lower for Hispanic males and 30% lower for Hispanic women). This is one of the main reasons that it would be recommended for Baskin-Robbins to set a conveniently lower price for this product, as to make it affordable by its target market segment. Even if the product should be design as premium or super-premium, it must be taken into consideration the lower incomes of its targeted market segment, and thus fix a lower price for it, as long as total costs allow it.2. 2. 4. Placement The first destination of the product should be the six American states that concentrate 70% of the Hispanic population presented in the first graphic of the project, using the classical channels of distribution . In a second step, other states that have high percentages of Hispanic population should be reached. 3. RECOMMENDATIONS A necessary step in the introduction of â€Å"Sabor latino† will be to develop various market study and focus groups in order to decide the best concentration of alcohol both in the body of the ice cream and in its liquid center.It must be remembered that features of the product must define it as a premium or super-premium product, in order to easily reach the young adult and adult target population. As presented by the U. S. Dairy Export Council, â€Å"super-premium ice cream tends to contain 16 to 18% milk fat and low overrun (20-50% range), making it a very dense, and ultra-rich quality dessert†. A recommended future destination for the product would be the Mexican market, as well as the other Latin American countries.At is it specified in various articles, Mexico is one of the favorite importers of American ice cream. And for sure, if one product will be designed to reach to their needs, there will be no reason for a successful exporting activity of this new Baskin-Robbins brand: â€Å"Sabor Latino†. The present exports situation is described in the table below. . REFERENCE LIST 1. Terrie Hall (2005) â€Å"Haagen Dazs franchise profile†, Merger Place 2. Koppenhoefer, Katie; Pupillo, Marti (2005) â€Å"Just the facts: ice cream sales and trends†, IDFA 3.Cook, Julie, (2002) â€Å"Adult appeal†, Stagnito Publishing 4. Banerjee, A (2000-2001) â€Å"Characterization of high risk food consumption Practices among the Hispanic population†, FoodNet 5. Rea, Amy C. (2004) â€Å"Screaming for ice cream: a rapidly growing market, ice cream nevertheless faces its share of possible demons. What will be the effect of changing demographics on the frozen treat, and how will manufacturers respond? †, Prepared Foods 6. David Phillips (2002) â€Å"Frozen favorites: Twenty five favored flavors in ice cr eam – Industry Overview†, Dairy Foods7. Sarah Barrette (2004) â€Å"Ice Cream Parlor†, SBDCNet San Antonio 8. Accetta Smith, Pamela (2004) â€Å"Cultural Demand†, Dairy Foods 9. Geisler, Malinda (2006) â€Å"Dairy Products Profile†, AgMRC, Iowa State University 10. U. S. Census Bureau (2004) â€Å"Selected Summary Measures of Age and Income by Hispanic Origin and Race: ASEC, 2004† 11. U. S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, â€Å"2004 Annual Social and Economic Supplement† 12. â€Å"Hispanic Americans by the numbers†, by U. S. Census Bureau, Fact Monster – www. factmonster. com/spot/hhmcensus1. html

Greek Art and Architecture essays

Greek Art and Architecture essays The ancient Greeks created what has become known as classical art. Many of Americas govermental buildings have been designed with classical Greek structures. Greeks are seen by many as the corner stone to the Western traditions of art and ideas. The Ancient Greeks are known for three main items; their sculptures, their temples and their vase paintings. The art work embodies much of what made the Greek civilization great. The Ancient Greeks organized into independent city-states. In these states the ideas of courage, valor and independence where strongly held values. These themes can be seen very clearly in their human depictions. The Greeks idealized humans showing the strong and youthful depiction of men and women. The topics shown in there vases reflect the importance of strength athletic competition and battles. Their temples reflected their Greek life was dominated by religon and so it is not surprising that the temples of ancient Greece were the biggest and most beautiful. They also had a political purpose as they were often built to celebrate civic power and pride, or offer thanksgiving to the patron Question: What changes have been made since early and modern Greece? The importance of Greek art and architecture for the history of Western civilization hardly be overstated, for the Greeks established many of the most enduring themes, attitudes, and forms of western culture. The stories told in Greek art and literature of gods and heroes have been retold ever since and continue to form common ground for the art, literature, and even popular culture of the western world. The Greeks developed three architectual systems, called orders, each with their own distinctive proportions and defailing. The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital) is plain. This style was used in ma ...

Compare Falstaff and Henry IV as father figures Essays

Compare Falstaff and Henry IV as father figures Essays Compare Falstaff and Henry IV as father figures Paper Compare Falstaff and Henry IV as father figures Paper Hal has two father figures, Falstaff and Henry IV. They are both different from each other, and what they teach Hal. Falstaff seems to mislead Hal, and his real father discards him. Ultimately, there is only room for one of them and Hal makes a choice, but not forgetting what he has learnt. Falstaff as a father figure, and as a regular man, seems to have many visible faults. Although he is a warm character, Hal says he is fat, ye fat kidneyed rascal, a thief, Where shall we take a purse tomorrow, Jack? and he is lazy. All of the things mentioned about Falstaff in his opening speech make out as this criminal who lazes about all day and sins. This first impression is lasting and makes Falstaff seem a bad role model, and not a suitable father. He educates Hal, but not what might be seen as right, or in the right way. However he is funny and is made to appeal to the audience, as a lovable rogue. Honour is a mere scutcheon Here Falstaff is exposing the emptiness of honour, and Hal sees it that way too. He thinks of honour as a means of getting what he wants, and if he were considered honourable, he would be more respected. A scutcheon is like a wooden thing that is painted over to make it look better quality. He not only teaches him but also tries to strongly influence him. Do not thou when thou art king hang a thief Falstaff tries to tell Hal not to hang thieves when he is king but Hal turns it around and says that Falstaff will hang the thieves, and also subtlety says he will cast him off. Shakespeares use of language here, especially the puns, were suited to the audience of the time, but are less clear to the audience now as pronunciations change, and some words arent in use any more. When Poins and Hal rob Falstaff of his own loot, he makes up a story saying four men attacked him. However this story escalates more until it becomes a hundred people attacking Falstaff. These four all came affront, and took all their seven points in my target Falstaff is lying to Hal, because Hal knows what really happened, as he was the one to have robbed Falstaff. Someone that lies and cheats cant be very good at fathering can he? Falstaff`s faults make him a bad father figure, but should be thought of as a helpful teacher. He shows Hal how to really live and how the common people live, something he will have to understand to become a better king. When Falstaff asks the time, Now Hal, what time of day is it, lad? Hal replies by referring to parts of the clock as Falstaffs pleasures (Unless hours were cups of sack, and minutes capons), and says that only if that were true would Falstaff want to know the time. This shows how Hal knows Falstaff and suggests Hal is in control. Later in the play when Hal begins his reformation talked about in his soliloquy, Redeeming time when men least think I will, he also begins to shrug off Falstaff as shown on the battlefield. Hals soliloquy is the best insight to him, as Shakespeare uses these play devices so the audience can see the real character. What, is it a time to jest and dally now? Hal is saying this, because he asks for Falstaffs sword and Falstaff can only produce a bottle of wine, which Hal throws back at him. This is the beginning of Hal redemption, showing that he no longer wants to play around. He also begins to question Falstaffs influence as a father. The king is no better as a father. While he is no thief or a bad example (except for his supposed disposing of King Richard) he does not father Hal properly. He is very good at manipulation and this trait show up in Hal. He even openly says that he wishes Hal wasnt his son! ( Then I would have his Harry, and his mine. ). He is very dismissive of Hal and doesnt say anything praising about him. This is probably why Hal turned to Falstaff and got roped into his way of living. Whilst I by looking on the praise of him See riot and dishonour stain the brow Of my young Harry The king speaks in verse, as this is Shakespeares way of showing his formality. The king says this in front of many different courtiers and important people. Hal resents this and bad feeling does come between father and son. Instead of speaking to Hal, the king casts him aside and that is why Hal turns to Falstaff. They dont ever seem to communicate. That in his secret doom out of my blood Hell breed revengement and a scourge for me. The King is saying here that God is making him pay for some misdeed by making Hal act the way he does. This is in act three scene two, where the king is telling Hal off and where Hal says he will redeem his self. For thou hast lost thy princely privelege With vile participation. Shortly after the king says this, he comes to tears but Hal recovers the whole situation by telling his father he will make it up to him. I will redeem all this on Percys head This doesnt make up for the kings faults, but he does start to show some appreciation. A hundred thousand rebels die in this. Thou shalt have charge and sovereign trust herein At the end of the play, Hal saves his fathers life, kills Hotspur and this is when the king opens up. They both learn from the events around them, Hal to be a good son, and the king to be a real father. Thou hast redeemed thy lost opinion, And showed thou makst some tender of my life. Shakespeare completely distorts and manipulates history for his own benefit, particularly with Hotspur and Hal, concerning their rivalry. In real life, Hotspur was as old as King Henry, but Shakespeare changed it so that the two could be juxtaposed, and would come between the King and his appreciation of his son. Hal makes himself look better and the king becomes a better father figure. In the end, the King is the better father out of him and Falstaff, but what Hal is taught by Falstaff is still important. Hal benefits from having the two father figures because he gains two sets of teaching. These combined will make him a great ruler. Overall the King is the better father figure but he just needs to adjust and be more fatherly to Hal, for he is very cold. While Falstaff shares laughter with Hal, but it is usually at him and he is only so much use as a teacher. Falstaffs saving grace is his warmth. This leads to Hal shrugging him off. A teacher is no more use when you have learnt all he has to offer, but your father will always be there.

Police Administration Structures in America Essay

Police Administration Structures in America - Essay Example The principle divergence is in the professional ethos. The early reformers had rallied around the military analogy of conducting a "war on crime." Adoption of the new model of administration structure is viewed as a means of improving the image of police officers and carried with it the more "modest" aim of controlling or preventing rather than defeating crime. The police administration structure is old fashioned based on bureaucratic principles and norms. The pervasive effect of task complexity on structure is highlighted by Newborn (2003). The task is viewed as so complex and variable as to require highly skilled professionals who are able to exercise discretion and interact in a collegial manner and collaborate on solutions. The administration structure that prescribe is spatially differentiated to allow informed neighborhood-level problem identification, and hierarchically undifferentiated to facilitate collegial, participative staff interaction, and has little or no structural specialization (either occupational or functional) in police operations so as to further encourage professional responsibility (Riener, 2000). Span of control, for example, ranges from wide to narrow; number of levels of authority ranges from few to many; degree of centralization in decision-making from low to high; and so on, depending on where the organization is on the organic-mechanistic continuum (Newborn, 2003). These organizational structures are more or less appropriate, depending on the nature of the task and the nature of the community. Mechanistic organizations are better suited to routine tasks performed in stable environments, and that organic organizations are more appropriate when the tasks are less routine and the environments less stable (Riener, 2000). First is the view that the bureaucratic model is presently the dominant form or that police administration organizations tend to be too far out on the bureaucratic end of the continuum.

Compare and Contrast Herbal medicine and Nutritional therapy Essay

Compare and Contrast Herbal medicine and Nutritional therapy - Essay Example In addition, complementary medicine incorporates alternative medicine applied for curative and therapeutic purposes, instead of the western medicine (Robson, 2003). Other important component of complementary medicine according to Robson, (2003) includes indigenous practices and medicines traditionally used for medical intervention in addition to integrative medicine, which involves using both western medicine and complementary medicine to cure diseases. In view of these dimensions, Robson (2003) argues that complementary medicine is an inclusive term, incorporating both complementary medicines and therapies. In health care, Mark and Brown (2007) note that the major concerns of complementary medicine are maintenance of health and curing diseases. Therefore, different medicines and therapies not regarded by mainstream medical practice are included in the practice. These include herbal medicine, acupuncture, reflexology, aromatherapy, nutritional therapy, hypnotherapy, massage therapy, yoga, homeopathy, osteopathy among others (Mark, & Brown, 2007). According to Blackman, et al. (2009), many health care professionals are increasingly applying both complementary and conventional medicine and therapy in their practices and this has resulted to high incidents of overlap between the two. In this regard, Fass (2001) formulated four domains of complementary medicine considering the existence of some intersections while applying medical practices. These domains include mind and body medicine, practices based on biological applications, energy medicine, and body based (manipulative) practices (Fass, 2001). Mind - body medicine in complementary medicine involves the application of diverse methods intended to improve the power of the mind to affect the functions of the body and symptoms (Damery, et al. 2009). Examples of mind-body